Dracaena species: Corn plant

Family

Agavaceae

Common Name

Corn plant, ribbon plant, dragon tree, money tree (Hawaii), lucky bamboo.

Plant Description

A genus of some 40 species of evergreen shrubs or trees, originating from equatorial Africa and Asia, Dracaena species are commonly grown as foliage plants indoors or as ornamentals in tropical areas. Erect, slow-growing, branching in some species, shrubs or small trees growing to 20 ft. (6 m) in height. Leaves are simple, spirally arranged, with leathery, linear-lanceolate blades that often have white, ivory, or red margins (Fig. 148, Fig. 149, Fig. 150 and Fig. 151). Leaf scars are usually prominent on the stems. Inflorescences are terminal panicles, with numerous white or yellowish white fragrant flowers. Fruits are yellow to red berries.

Some taxonomists have separated a number of the Dracaena into another genus Pleomele.

Figure 148. Dracaena hybrid.

Figure 149. Dracaena deremensis.

Figure 150. Dracaena marginata.

Figure 151. Dracaena sanderiana (Lucky Bamboo).

Toxic Principle and Mechanism of Action

A variety of steroidal saponins and glycosides have been identified from various species of Dracaena [1]. The toxicology of these compounds has not been defined, and is presumed to be related to the irritant effects of the saponins upon the gastrointestinal tract.

Risk Assessment

As common indoor plants, Dracaena species are frequently chewed and eaten by pets. Occasionally, the toxic effects encountered in cats necessitates the removal of the plants from the animal’s environment.

Clinical Signs

Vomiting occasionally with blood, excessive salivation, anorexia, depression, ataxia and weakness may be shown by dogs and cats eating the plants. Dilated pupils, dyspnea, abdominal pain, and tachycardia may also be observed in cats [2].

Treatment

Treatment is seldom necessary once the animals are prevented from eating the plants. Symptomatic treatment, to prevent dehydration from vomiting may be necessary.