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  4. Daphne species: Daphne
A Guide to Poisonous House and Garden Plants
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Daphne species: Daphne

Author(s):
Knight A.
In: Guide to Poisonous House and Garden Plants by Knight A.
Updated:
MAR 25, 2010
Languages:
  • EN
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    Family

    Thymelaeaceae

    Common Name

    Daphne, spurge laurel, mezereon Daphne of toxicologic significance include D. cneorum, C. genkwa, D. laureola, and D. odora [1].

    Plant Description

    Comprising a genus of some 50 or more species, Daphne are native to Europe, North Africa, and subtropical Asia.

    Deciduous or evergreen, erect, woody, branching, shrubs with alternate or opposite, glossy green, ovate to lanceolate leaves. Inflorescences are terminal or axillary, single or clusters of 4 lobed, fragrant flowers that are white, greenish-white, pink, purple or yellow-orange in color depending on the species. Many cultivars have been developed that have enhanced flower color, and some have variegated leaves. Fruits are globular to ovoid, leathery or fleshy, yellow, red, orange or black drupes (Fig. 134-Fig. 136).

    Daphne burkwoodii.Figure 134. Daphne burkwoodii.

    Daphne burkwoodii "Carol Mackii".Figure 135. Daphne burkwoodii "Carol Mackii".

    Daphne mezereum leaves / fruits.Figure 136. Daphne mezereum leaves / fruits.

    Toxic Principle and Mechanism of Action

    The leaves and fruits of Daphne contain a variety of bitter tasting tricyclic daphnane and tigliane diterpenes [2]. Poisoning has occurred in children eating the attractive berries, and in livestock browsing on the plants [1]. In addition to the irritant effects on the digestive tract, seizures, tremors and deaths have been reported in children who ate the fruits [1,3].

    Risk Assessment

    Daphne are commonly grown as garden shrubs for their attractive foliage, flowers, and fruits. The colorful fruits pose the greatest risk to children or animals that eat them. The bitter taste of the fruits generally limits intake and therefore the severity of poisoning.

    Clinical Signs

    Intense reddening and swelling of the oral mucous membranes, excessive salivation, blistering of the tongue and lips, and vomiting are common effects of Daphne poisoning. Diarrhea with blood may occur if sufficient plant material was swallowed. Treatment usually requires activated charcoal orally, along with fluid therapy where diarrhea leads to dehydration.

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    References

    1. Kingsbury JM. Poisonous Plants of the United States and Canada. Prentice-Hall Inc. Englewood Cliffs New Jersey 386-388, 1964. - Available from amazon.com -

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    About

    How to reference this publication (Harvard system)?

    Knight, A. (2008) “Daphne species: Daphne”, Guide to Poisonous House and Garden Plants. Available at: https://www.ivis.org/library/guide-to-poisonous-house-and-garden-plants/daphne-species-daphne (Accessed: 02 October 2023).

    Affiliation of the authors at the time of publication

    Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.

    Author(s)

    • Prof Anthony Knight

      Knight A.

      Professor and Chair
      BVSc MRCVS Dipl ACVIM
      Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University
      Read more about this author

    Copyright Statement

    © All text and images in this publication are copyright protected and cannot be reproduced or copied in any way.
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