Cyclamen species: Cyclamen

Family

Primulaceae

Common Name

Cyclamen, Persian violet, sow bread

Plant Description

A genus of about 20 species native to the Mediterranean area, Cyclamen species have become popular house plants (Cyclamen persicum and its hybrids).

Developing from round tubers that sit close to the soil surface, the leaves are basal on variable length petioles, heart or kidney shaped, variegated in shades of green and silver-grey. Flowers are solitary, nodding, although the 5 petals are sharply reflexed and erect. Flower color varies from white, pink, to red (Fig. 131-Fig. 133). Fruits are dehiscent capsules with many seeds.

Figure 131. Cyclamen persicum cultivar.

Figure 132. Cyclamen persicum flowers.

Figure 133. Cyclamen persicum hybrid.

Toxic Principle and Mechanism of Action

All parts of the plant, but especially the tubers contain irritating terpenoid saponins, mainly glycosides of the cyclamiritens and cyclamigenins [1,2 ].The saponins have cardiotoxic potential, and because of their irritating properties cause gastrointestinal problems including salivation, vomiting, colic, and diarrhea.

Risk Assessment

Cyclamens are very common potted house plants, and in milder climates are often successfully grown in rock gardens. The tubers have the potential to be a problem to household pets, but the risk is minimal.

Clinical Signs

Vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea are the most common manifestations of poisoning. Cardiac dysrhythmias and seizures may be seen where higher doses of the plant are consumed. Supportive treatment for the vomiting and diarrhea, when necessary, is all that is generally required.