Anemone species: Anemone

Family

Ranunculaceae

Common Name

Anemone, windflower, wind poppy

Plant Description

There are approximately 150 species of Anemone occurring widely in the northern hemisphere and especially in temperate Asia. There are approximately 25 to 30 native and introduced species of Anemone in North America. These perennial plants have palmate, basal leaves that are divided into a few or many leaflets. Plants arising from rhizomes or tubers can be generally grouped into spring flowering and fall flowering varieties. Flowers have five or more petals and come in a wide spectrum of colors. The spring flowering varieties of Anemone are typified by Anemone coronaria. (Fig. 44). The Japanese anemone, and its hybrids are spreading perennials with fibrous roots that bloom in the fall (Fig. 45).

Figure 44. Anemone coronaria.

Figure 45. Anemone sylvestris.

Toxic Principle and Mechanism of Action

Anemone species contain the irritant glycoside ranunculin that is converted to protoanemonin when the plant tissues are chewed and macerated [1]. Protoanemonin levels amongst the species vary, and appear to be in the range of 0.02 - 0.05% of the green plant [2]. Protoanemonin is the vesicant, and it is polymerized to the non toxic anemonin. The dried plant contains mostly anemonin and is therefore not toxic.

Risk Assessment

Anemones are not a significant problem to household pets as the bitter irritant effects of the plants are a deterrent to most dogs and cats. However, the showy Anemone's that are sold as potted plants or as garden ornamentals have the potential to be chewed and eaten by pets.

Clinical Signs

Excessive salivation, vomiting and diarrhea can be anticipated if anemones are eaten. Treatment if necessary would be symptomatic (See Ranunculus).