Dysautonomia in an Adult Miniature Dachshund

A 3-year-old female neutered miniature dachshund was referred with a 12-day history of diarrhoea, intermittent vomiting, weight loss, hyporexia, abdominal discomfort,
and non-productive straining to urinate. on presentation the dog was quiet but alert,
in good body condition, had crusting of the nares, xeromycteria and dry mucous membranes. the abdomen was tense and painful on palpation. Examination of the bladder was consistent with a lower motor neurone bladder and anal tone was reduced. no spinal pain could be elicited and the remainder of initial examination was normal. ophthalmic examination revealed third eyelid protrusion and absent tear production bilaterally (Schirmer tear test=0mm). normal menace response was noted but both pupils were mydriatic with poor pupillary light response (pLr). […]