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Autonomic Disorders Related to Behaviour Problems
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The activation of the autonomic system is a common mechanism in stress-related reactions and other anxiety-related problems. Depending on the species, the physiological consequences can deeply differ. When horses have been described for displaying severe modifications of the heart-rate, dogs and cats seem to display more digestive and urinary reactions.
The occurrence of such reactions cannot be regarded as a typical symptom for pathological behaviours. Whatever the cause for an emotional reaction, it usually includes autonomic modifications which may play an adaptive role for coping with a hostile surrounding. On the contrary, when the autonomic signs are frequently observed, the clinician must value this information as a significant symptom for diagnosing anxiety-related disorders. The clinical approach is sometime very easy when those signs are observed associated with behavioural signs (aggression, threats, inhibition, panick, …). On the contrary, the clinical approach will be more difficult when the autonomic signs are the only owners’ claim and when they fail in describing, spontaneously, any other sign.
Autonomic Disorders in Cats: digestive and urinary disorders are very commonly observed in this species. The recent development of our understanding of the interstitial cystitis is a good example for this group of disorders. Anyway, the common point between all those patients is an underlying emotional disorder and more specifically anxiety. The diagnostic is obtained thanks to a behavioural approach that will lead to identify fear-related behaviours, to the biological approach (hormonal indicators, white blood cells) and to an “ecological” approach taking in account the organization of the surrounding (location of the resources, density of population, …).
Autonomic Disorders in Dogs: the digestive signs are very commonly observed. Some authors have described a predisposition in some groups of breeds and especially in the molossoid dogs and some shepperds (e.g. German shepperd). The colic part of the gut is more specifically affected leading to diarrhea, meteorism and sometime vomiting. Such dogs are usually first treated by colleagues working in general practice or specialized in internal medicine, with a diagnostic of “idiopathic” colitis. The behavioural approach will usually describe a typical context of anxiety which may be a consequence for both development-related disorders or social miscommunication. [...]
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