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  4. La prevención de la obesidad
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La prevención de la obesidad

Author(s):
Diez M. and
Nguyen P.
In: Encyclopedia of Canine Clinical Nutrition by Pibot P. et al.
Updated:
NOV 15, 2007
Languages:
  • DE
  • EN
  • ES
  • FR
  • IT
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    5. La prevención de la obesidad

    El mejor tratamiento de la obesidad es la prevención

    Conocer la epidemiología de la obesidad constituye un requisito previo indispensable para manejar las herramientas de la prevención "activa" durante toda la vida del animal. La prevención puede ser pasiva o activa.

    La prevención pasiva consiste en recoger y utilizar el máximo número de datos durante toda la vida del animal. En la práctica veterinaria cotidiana, hay que pesar a todos los perros y se debe conservar, escrupulosamente, su peso corporal anotado en el archivo veterinario, así como en la cartilla sanitaria. La prevención pasiva también incluye la utilización de los índices corporales.

    La prevención activa va más lejos. Consiste en ocuparse de la alimentación del cachorro y de su racionamiento energético y en continuar el seguimiento alimentario a lo largo de toda la vida del animal.

    Conclusión

    Como hemos observado a lo largo de este capítulo, la obesidad canina es una patología de gran importancia, que afecta aproximadamente al 25% de la población canina. Teniendo en cuenta los conocimientos actuales, infravalorar una enfermedad que conlleva numerosas consecuencias nefastas para la salud del animal y que disminuye su longevidad, es algo inaceptable Dado que se ha comprobado que la prevención resulta muy difícil, el veterinario debe desarrollar un enfoque sistemático, teniendo en cuenta la alimentación, desde un punto de vista cuantitativo y cualitativo, así como los demás factores ambientales. De hecho, la colaboración e implicación del propietario determinará el éxito del tratamiento nutricional y el posterior mantenimiento del peso corporal.

    Los veterinarios pueden desarrollar múltiples comportamientos o herramientas para animar a los propietarios a prevenir la obesidad

    Con respecto a los propietarios de cachorros: indicar si la raza tiene predisposición a la obesidad, informar sobre el peso que se espera en el adulto, animar a que establezcan curvas de peso durante el crecimiento, disuadir de las malas costumbres, insistir en los efectos nefastos de la obesidad, proporcionar una información completa e individualizada sobre la alimentación.

    En general, aportar informaciones precisas sobre la alimentación de los perros: las cantidades recomendadas y los tipos de alimentos; los comportamientos desaconsejables; señalar cualquier cambio de peso, por pequeño que sea, y establecer la relación con las costumbres alimentarias que tienen en la casa.

    Restringir la energía proporcionada a los animales inmediatamente después de la esterilización.
    Animar a que se haga ejercicio con regularidad y, si es posible, cuantificarlo (como mínimo X horas por semana).

    Organizar una consulta multidisciplinar para el perro obeso con un endocrinólogo y un experto en comportamiento animal.

    Organizar una consulta sobre la salud del perro en forma de revisión anual, interesándose por el seguimiento del peso y por la alimentación.

    Poner una báscula a disposición de los propietarios, por ejemplo, en la sala de espera o en una zona reservada para ello y animarles a que vengan regularmente para pesar a su animal.

    Proporcionar información sobre la obesidad canina, expresada con lenguaje coloquial, colocando carteles en la sala de espera, fichas informativas, fotos del "antes y después" del adelgazamiento…

    Implicar a todo el personal del equipo veterinario en la lucha contra la obesidad y fomentar las iniciativas originales, como la organización de jornadas de sensibilización contra la obesidad canina.

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    References

    1. Abel RM, Grimes JB, Alonso D et al. Adverse hemodynamic and ultrastructural changes in dog hearts subjected to protein-calorie malnutrition. Am Heart J 1979; 97:733-44. - PubMed -  

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    About

    How to reference this publication (Harvard system)?

    Diez, M. and Nguyen, P. (2007) “La prevención de la obesidad”, Encyclopedia of Canine Clinical Nutrition. Available at: https://www.ivis.org/library/encyclopedia-of-canine-clinical-nutrition/la-prevención-de-la-obesidad (Accessed: 09 February 2023).

    Affiliation of the authors at the time of publication

    1Department of Animal Productions, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
    2ENVN Atlanpôle, La Chantrerie, Nantes, France.

    Author(s)

    • Marianne Diez

      Diez M.

      Researcher, Lecturer
      PhD Dipl ECVCN Mast of Confer of Anim Nutrition
      Nutrition Unit B43, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège
      Read more about this author
    • P. Nguyen

      Nguyen P.

      DVM MS RDH Dipl ECVCN
      Nantes-Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering
      Read more about this author

    Copyright Statement

    © All text and images in this publication are copyright protected and cannot be reproduced or copied in any way.
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