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  4. El seguimiento tras el régimen
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El seguimiento tras el régimen

Author(s):
Diez M. and
Nguyen P.
In: Encyclopedia of Canine Clinical Nutrition by Pibot P. et al.
Updated:
NOV 15, 2007
Languages:
  • DE
  • EN
  • ES
  • FR
  • IT
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    4. El seguimiento tras el régimen

    Una vez conseguida la pérdida de peso, es imprescindible efectuar, regularmente, el seguimiento del peso del perro y aconsejar al propietario sobre la elecciín del alimento de mantenimiento y sobre las cantidades a suministrar. En el perro, lo ideal es que las revisiones se realicen mensualmente hasta que se estabilice el peso del animal después de 3 o 4 consultas consecutivas. Las fluctuaciones de peso deben reducirse al 5% aproximadamente (Burkholder & Bauer, 1998).

    No hay ningún estudio publicado sobre la evoluciín a largo plazo del peso de los perros que han realizado un regimen con una dieta hipocalírica
    No hay ningún estudio publicado sobre la evoluciín a largo plazo del peso de los perros que han realizado un regimen con una dieta hipocalírica. (© M. Weber)

    Al finalizar el régimen, por lo general, es preferible realizar una transiciín alimentaria progresiva tanto en lo referente a las cantidades como al tipo de alimento. El veterinario tiene dos posibilidades:

    • conservar el mismo tipo de alimento (hipocalírico) y aumentar progresivamente las cantidades para mantener el peso,
    • elegir un alimento con una densidad energética un poco mayor y mantener las cantidades suministradas en la última etapa del régimen. Por consiguiente, el aporte energético será mayor. Por ejemplo, si un alimento hipocalírico presenta una densidad energética de 2800 kcal/kg, la misma cantidad de un alimento que tenga una densidad energética de 3200 kcal/kg supondrá, automáticamente, un aumento del 14% en el aporte energético diario. Esta posibilidad es relativamente sencilla; consiste en modificar el alimento sin cambiar las cantidades. Se puede aplicar si se efectúa una transiciín alimentaria hacia un alimento con una densidad energética un poco mayor, pero no resulta aconsejable si el alimento escogido es mucho más rico en energía.

    A falta de medidas estrictas, generalmente se observa en el perro un efecto rebote (Kimura y coll., 1991; Laflamme & Kuhlman, 1995). No se dispone de cifras precisas en cuanto a la importancia de dicho efecto rebote. Los resultados de algunos estudios a largo plazo indican que, en el hombre, el peso ganado durante el año siguiente al final del régimen se sitúa entre el 33% y el 50% de la pérdida debida al régimen hipocalírico. Por lo tanto, conviene considerar la obesidad como una enfermedad crínica que necesita un seguimiento continuo (Wadden, 1993).

    Desde un punto de vista práctico, debe conocerse la cantidad de energía que mantiene constante el peso y, en iguales condiciones (la actividad del perro, el modo de vida…), se debe realizar un ajuste cuando se produzca un cambio de alimento. Es importante advertir a los propietarios que no deben modificar la alimentaciín sin comprobar antes los aportes energéticos. Este aspecto es especialmente importante. De hecho, los perros obesos a menudo son mayores y, por consiguiente, es muy probable que su alimentaciín sufra modificaciones para hacer frente a las distintas condiciones fisiolígicas (envejecimiento) o patolígicas. Por último, hay que señalar que existe una falta de datos flagrante sobre el seguimiento del peso tras el régimen. Ningún estudio relata la evoluciín a largo plazo del peso corporal de los perros de compañía que han estado sometidos a un régimen hipocalírico.

    Después de realizar grandes esfuerzos para alcanzar el objetivo marcado al inicio del proceso, una vez terminado el régimen los propietarios a pesar de su alegría por la buena salud de su perro, se relajan y vuelven a los antiguos hábitos.

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    References

    1. Abel RM, Grimes JB, Alonso D et al. Adverse hemodynamic and ultrastructural changes in dog hearts subjected to protein-calorie malnutrition. Am Heart J 1979; 97:733-44. - PubMed -  

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    About

    How to reference this publication (Harvard system)?

    Diez, M. and Nguyen, P. (2007) “El seguimiento tras el régimen”, Encyclopedia of Canine Clinical Nutrition. Available at: https://www.ivis.org/library/encyclopedia-of-canine-clinical-nutrition/el-seguimiento-tras-el-régimen (Accessed: 08 February 2023).

    Affiliation of the authors at the time of publication

    1Department of Animal Productions, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
    2ENVN Atlanpôle, La Chantrerie, Nantes, France.

    Author(s)

    • Marianne Diez

      Diez M.

      Researcher, Lecturer
      PhD Dipl ECVCN Mast of Confer of Anim Nutrition
      Nutrition Unit B43, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège
      Read more about this author
    • P. Nguyen

      Nguyen P.

      DVM MS RDH Dipl ECVCN
      Nantes-Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering
      Read more about this author

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