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Complicaciones asociadas con la nutrición enteral o parenteral
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Tromboflebitis
Las soluciones hiperosmolares aumentan el riesgo de tromboflebitis. Para los vasos sanguíneos periféricos, se recomienda que las soluciones no superen los 600 a 750 mOsmol/l (Chan et al., 2002; Chand- ler et al., 2002a). La velocidad a la que se administran los miliosmoles (mOsmol) parece ser tan crucial desde el punto de vista clínico como la osmolaridad de la solución. Por tanto, no debe administrarse una solución de 650 mOsmol al doble de la velocidad de mantenimiento para incrementar la cantidad de calorías aportadas al paciente por unidad de tiempo. Esta limitación lleva a la necesidad de emplear soluciones parenterales que contengan una emulsión con concentraciones elevadas de lípidos y un cociente energía/miliosmoles elevado o a proporcionar sólo una parte de las necesidades ener- géticas del paciente. Según un autor, se tolera bien la utilización de catéteres de poliuretano en vasos sanguíneos no empleados con anterioridad para la administración de soluciones parenterales periféricas, cuando se administra nutrición parenteral periférica (NPP) (Chan et al., 2002). […]
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Affiliation of the authors at the time of publication
1School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, CA, USA.2Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, CA, USA. 3Royal Canin, St Charles, MO, USA.
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