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> Composición de los huesos
El tejido óseo es un tipo especializado de tejido conjuntivo con una compleja composición química y física (Tabla 1). Aparte de su fracción celular (10 %) y de la fase acuosa (25 %), está formado por una matriz orgánica y una fase mineral. La fracción celular incluye los osteoblastos (células formadoras de la matriz orgánica) y los osteoclastos (células de resorción de la matriz calcificada). La matriz orgánica está constituida por un 90% de fibras de colágeno con un alto contenido en hidroxiprolina y por un 10 % de aminopolisacáridos, proteínas distintas del colágeno y una pequeña cantidad de lípidos. La fase mineral representa aproximadamente el 65 % del volumen del hueso, principalmente en forma de cris- tales de hidroxiapatita y de fosfato cálcico amorfo, así como pequeñas cantidades de otros elementos. Del total del calcio y el fósforo corporales, el 99% y el 80%, respectivamente, están presentes en el esqueleto. […]
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Affiliation of the authors at the time of publication
1Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.2South Pasadena, CA, USA.
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