Strategies in Rehabilitation of Tendons, Ligaments and Muscles

Key Points:
Rehabilitation therapy is critical for complete healing and appropriate regeneration of the soft tissues of the musculoskeletal system.

These include the following :

• Appropriately timed passive and active rang of motion
• Joint mobilizations including glides and distractions
• Soft tissue mobilization, particularly the use of cross-frictional massage
• Appropriately timed cryotherapy and heat therapy
• NMES to increase muscle strength
• TENS for reduction of pain
• Therapeutic ultrasound
• Low-level laser therapy
• Shock wave therapy
• Therapeutic exercises to gradually regain musculoskeletal function while minimizing the risk of re-injury or compensatory injury

Canine rehabilitation is an evolving science that requires significant skill, problem-solving abilities, and knowledge, all underpinned by evidence-based medicine. The greatest asset for effective rehabilitation of musculoskeletal soft tissues is an educated clinician with a pair of highly trained hands. Tools such as underwater treadmills, therapeutic ultrasound and shockwave therapy machines are an asset but not essential.

Each of the above components of rehabilitation therapy will be discussed in relationship to their specific use in rehabilitation of tendons, ligaments and muscles. In addition, the most recent data supporting the effects of these rehabilitaiton modalities will be reviewed.