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Managing Renal Failure
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Acute renal failure (ARF) usually develops as a complication of disorders causing decreased renal perfusion. Treatment with nephrotoxic medications (aminoglycosides, oxytetracycline and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]) also remain important risk factors for ARF. Other nephrotoxins include endogenous pigments (myoglobin or haemoglobin), vitamin D or vitamin K3, heavy metals (mercury, cadmium, zinc, arsenic and lead), and acorns.
Chronic renal failure (CRF) is divided into 2 broad categories: primary glomerular disease (glomerulonephritis [GN]) and primary tubulointerstitial disease (chronic interstitial nephritis [CIN]). However, pathology in one portion of the nephron usually leads to altered function and eventual pathology in the entire nephron such that CRF is an irreversible disease process characterised by a progressive decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). [...]
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