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Strangles in the Stud Environment
R. Newton
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Introduction
Infectious diseases pose a considerable threat to the smooth running of any stud farm and these risks are, in general, proportionally greater for large public studs than for smaller private premises. This increased risk is due to the larger numbers of animals passing through these stud farms and the wider range of premises from which these horses come. Strangles illustrates the importance of how knowledge of how infectious diseases behave within a particular population of animals (i.e. its epidemiology) can help in the successful control of that disease. It is important to emphasise the role of the Horserace Betting Levy Board Codes of Practice (http://codes.hblb.org.uk/) in preventing and controlling a range of infectious diseases on the stud farm and veterinary surgeons and stud owners and managers are directed specifically to the Guidelines on Strangles in the 2011 Codes (http://codes.hblb.org.uk/index.php/page/99).
The potential for endemic strangles on the stud farm
It is possible for stud farms to become endemically affected by strangles with regular recurrence of the disease, sometimes on an almost annual basis. The endemic strangles stud has 2 important features which drive the endemic state and recurrence of the disease. Firstly the stud has a consistent source of S. equi, the bacteria that causes strangles, through the persistence of infection in asymptomatic carrier animals which are not identified and managed appropriately; commonly carriers are previously infected resident mares. Secondly the stud has a regular influx of newly susceptible animals through its annual foal/weanling crop and which have direct or indirect contact with S. equi carriers, thereby facilitating transmission. Importantly, the way that initial strangles cases are practically managed on the stud will often have a profound effect on the impact and extent of the subsequent outbreak. [...]
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