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Rationale and Practicalities of Drug Testing
L. Hillyer
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‘Drug testing’ has been a fundamental part of racing and competition horse regulation around the world since Daniel Dawson was executed in 1812 for doping racehorses in Newmarket with arsenic. Things have moved on somewhat since then! Although sanction remains an inevitable part of the process, it is now usually restricted to fines and disqualifications and has been progressively balanced by a shift in emphasis towards acquisition and dissemination of information to help trainers and their veterinary surgeons not fall foul of the Rules in the first place. Key to this has been national dialogue between regulators and their partner laboratories, exponential improvement in analytical ability to test for drugs and international exchange of techniques and data.
Most modern ‘drug testing’ programmes broadly differentiate between therapeutic medications and drugs which would be widely regarded as having little or no genuine indication (‘doping’ agents). This is of course a generalisation - whilst some drugs such as cocaine or erythropoietin fall fairly obviously into the ‘doping’ category and others such as phenylbutazone would seem to be therapeutics, there are times when seemingly straightforward drugs can be used inappropriately or drugs that may be used judiciously in the hands of some under close control may compromise a horse when given mischievously. Add to this the underlying principle signed up to by the majority of racing’s regulators, that drugs should only ever be used as an aid to recovery, not as a shortcut avoiding proper rest from training and/or racing (see http://rules.britishhorseracing.com/Orders-and- rules&staticID=126612&depth=3, shortly to be formally incorporated into Article 6 of the International Federation of Horseracing Authorities’ Agreement October 2011, http://www.horseracingintfed.com/racingDisplay.asp?section=6) and the complexities of differentiating between ‘good’ and ‘bad’ in an effective medication/drug control programme begin to become apparent. [...]
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