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Managing Rhodococcus equi on the Stud Farm
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Aetiology
Rhodococcus equi is a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod. The most important manifestation of Rhodococcus equi infection is pneumonia in foals. It also causes pleuropneumonia, pneumonia, osteomyelitis and abortion in immunocompromised and normal adult horses, abscesses that must be differentiated from tuberculosis in pigs and ruminants, and pneumonia in immunosuppressed human subjects. The organism is a natural inhabitant of soil, grows well at temperatures ranging from 10–40°C, and is readily isolated from the faeces of herbivores and from their environment. However, R. equi varies in virulence, with many isolates obtained from faeces or soil not being pathogenic.
There are a large number of virulent strains of R. equi, based on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of chromosomal DNA. While there is evidence of clustering of strains on farms and on most farms one or 2 strains predominate, there is little evidence of marked regional variations in prevalence of strains of virulent R. equi. Only rarely will it be possible to link infections to a given site or region on the basis of analysis of chromosomal DNA. [...]
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