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How to Manage a Difficult Foaling
A. McGladdery
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Fortunately, dystocia is a relatively uncommon condition with the majority of mares foaling without difficulty. However, dystocia is a genuine emergency where prompt action can save the life of not only the foal but in some cases also the mare. The reported incidence of dystocia is about 4% in Thoroughbreds to about 10% in some draught breeds and Shetlands. It is important to have a basic kit of suitable obstetric equipment which should include sterile obstetric lubricant (with a sterile pump and tubing), obstetric ropes or chains and handles, and a foal emergency resuscitation kit and ideally an oxygen tank. A fetotomy kit is not essential as fetotomy is the remit of experienced obstetricians and should be avoided unless well trained. Calving jacks are not suitable for foaling mares and should not be used. Advice to the owner or attendant whilst responding to the emergency call can help improve outcome. This advice may include keeping the mare walking which will help reduce straining and pain and reduce the possibility of pelvic impaction of the foal. Allowing the mare to get up and down may help rotate a foal that is upside down and if a ‘red bag’ is presented then immediate rupture and delivery of the foal should be advised. [...]
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