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Diagnosis, decision making and therapies for penile/preputial conditions
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Learning objectives
The clinician should understand predisposing causes as well as the diagnosis and treatment of paraphimosis in the stallion. The diagnosis and treatment of urethral rents will also be also be discussed.
Summary
This lecture will focus on conditions of the penis and prepuce of the stallion.
Paraphimosis
This condition is de ned as the inability of the stallion to retract the penis and can have several causes.
- Administration of phenothiazine tranquillisers such as acepromazine to sedate the stallion to facilitate easier handling. While these tranquillisers have been reported to have been used with few complications, the practitioner should avoid their usage especially in instances when the animal is already excited and may have an erection. The mechanism of action probably involves temporary paralysis of the retractor penis muscle followed by oedema accumulation in the penis.
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Penile/preputial trauma. This is a common cause of paraphimosis, especially in stallions bred by natural cover in which the mare may kick the stallion directly in the preputial area. This also results in temporary paralysis of the retractor penis muscle in addition to haematoma and oedema formation, leading to the dependent position of the penis.
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Cachexia/starvation. Stallions and geldings that have undergone starvation conditions appear to be more susceptible to the condition.
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Breeding accidents during the semen collection process. The use of a phantom is assumed to be a safer alternative for semen collection than exposing a stallion to a live mare. Nevertheless, breeding accidents can also occur as a result of misalignment with the phantom or arti cial vagina.
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Diseases include equine herpesvirus 1, purpura haemorrhagica and dourine.
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About
How to reference this publication (Harvard system)?
Affiliation of the authors at the time of publication
Section of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
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