Ultrasound examination of the stallion

The breeding soundness examination of the stallion comprises a series of steps aimed at determining the suitability of the animal for breeding; it includes a basic physical examination, evaluation of the fitness to breed, detailed evaluation of the external genitalia and a rigorous semen evaluation. By performing these procedures systematically, a practitioner is able to ascertain with a high degree of confidence the stallion’s suitability for breeding. Often during one of these steps one can find abnormalities that need further investigation with different imaging modalities. Problems associated with the reproductive tract of the stallion can be further examined using endoscopy, laparoscopy or ultrasonography. The purpose of this paper will be to describe some of the problems for which ultrasonographic examination is recommended ...