Endocrinopathic laminitis

Introduction Endocrinopathies including equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) and pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) have recently been recognised as one of the most common causes of laminitis with hyperinsulinaemia or insulin dysregulation playing a central role. EMS refers to a cluster of clinical abnormalities including hyperinsulinaemia and/ or insulin dysregulation (ID), dyslipidaemia and altered circulating adipokine concentrations with or without obesity associated with an increased laminitis risk. PPID is a neurodegenerative disorder of the equine pituitary pars intermedia such that there is loss of the normal inhibitory dopaminergic neurons originating in the hypothalamus resulting in overproduction of hormones from this region ...