How to deal with hoof capsule defects, including cracks

Defects and cracks in the hoof wall are a result of rupture of the horn tubule matrix, either by direct trauma or disruption of the horn-secreting mechanisms by increased stresses and loading.
Cracks may be ‘complete’ where a total structural failure has occurred, or ‘incomplete’ (partial failure) when the defect or crack is in the process of propagation with the hoof still retaining most of its structural integrity.
Defects can be orientated proximodistal along the line of the horn tubules or in a transverse direction parallel to the coronary band. Looking at the solar surface of the foot will help to determine if they are superficial or have fully ruptured the hoof wall matrix. Imperfections in the sole such as possible prolapse of the distal phalanx in cases of founder and broken bars in flat or feet with collapse will also be visible. Ingress of dirt not only accelerates crack propagation but also allows bacteria to enter allowing degeneration of the hoof structure and subsequent infections in the soft tissues. Infection must be addressed along with the causative stresses, such as imbalance, before stabilisation, fixation and healing can occur.
Stabilisation may include the simple removal of horn from the base of a crack or remedial shoeing to redistribute the loading pattern of the hoof wall (e.g. in the case of a quarter crack, using a half heart bar shoe and ‘floating’ the heel).
Creating a crack arrestor at the tip of any crack will reduce the stress and prevent propagation and is best achieved by drilling a small round hole at the tip.
There are numerous devices and methods on the market to prevent distraction ranging from simple glue on patches, acrylic fillers, staples and surgical clamps. Care must be taken in the selection of technique to ensure it is capable of preventing movement when the limb is loaded.

Remember: Fix the cause before the crack!