Update on Different Solutions for Standing Equine Cheek Tooth Removal

Extraction of cheek teeth can be indicated by a variety of pathological conditions. The main pathology is apical disease caused by hematogenous spread of bacteria (anachoretic infection), direct contamination of the pulp system by a complicated crown fracture or advanced infundibular caries, or colonization of the apical region by deep periodontal infection. Other indications for exodontia include supernumerary teeth, impacted teeth, malalignment, increased mobility and periodontal disease. Removal of teeth in ancient years has been performed using an oral approach in primitive circumstances. With the progress in human medicine that was made during the first and second world wars, equine medicine also prospered which resulted in a shift towards the repulsion technique which was performed with the horse under general anaesthesia [...]