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  4. El tostado de las harinas proteicas puede aumentar el flujo prececal de nitrógeno y aminoácidos
Bioseguridad ¿qué características deben tener los programas frente a la gripe aviar?
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El tostado de las harinas proteicas puede aumentar el flujo prececal de nitrógeno y aminoácidos

Author(s):

Miranda L. Elling-Staats, Arie K...

In: Bioseguridad ¿qué características deben tener los programas frente a la gripe aviar? - Avium Nº2, Junio 2022 by Avium
Updated:
JUN 30, 2022
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    Las proteínas poco digestibles pueden provocar una mayor fermentación de proteínas en el ciego de los broilers y, por lo tanto, dar lugar a metabolitos potencialmente perjudiciales. Para evaluar los efectos de la fermentación de proteínas en la salud intestinal, se llevó a cabo un contraste experimental del nitrógeno ileal y del flujo de aminoácidos.

    Para ello, se desarrolló un modelo que crease un contraste en la fermentación de proteínas aumentando el flujo prececal de proteínas. Para ello, se utilizó el tostado adicional de las fuentes proteicas y se evaluó el efecto sobre los flujos prececales de nitrógeno y aminoácidos. Los pollos de engorde machos Ross 308 de un día de vida (n = 480) se dividieron en 6 tratamientos nutricionales, con réplicas en 8 corrales con 10 animales cada uno. Las dietas contenían el 20 % de una harina de soja normal (SBM), harina de semilla de girasol con alto contenido proteico (SFM) o harina de colza descascarillada (dRSM) tal cuales, o bien con un tratamiento térmico mediante un tostado secundario a 136 °C durante 20 min (tSBM, tSFM o tdRSM). Los flujos de contenido ileal y de todo el tracto de nitrógeno y aminoácidos se determinaron con 5 aves por corral en su tercera semana de vida utilizando un marcador inerte (TiO2) en el alimento.

    El tostado adicional aumentó el índice de conversión solo en las aves alimentadas con dRSM (1,39 frente a 1,31), pero no con SBM y SFM (interacción P = 0,047). En SBM, el tostado adicional aumentó el flujo de histidina, lisina y aspartato a través del íleon distal y en las excretas, mientras que en SFM no tuvo efecto sobre los flujos de nitrógeno y aminoácidos. El tostado de dRSM aumentó los flujos prececales y la excreción de nitrógeno (862 frente a 665 y 999 frente a 761 mg/d, respectivamente) y de aminoácidos. De los ingredientes probados, el dRSM tostado es un modelo adecuado para aumentar el flujo de proteína en el intestino grueso, lo que permite evaluar los efectos de la fermentación de proteínas.

    Over-toasting dehulled rapeseed meal and soybean meal, but not sunflower seed meal, increases prececal nitrogen and amino acid digesta flows in broilers. Miranda L. Elling-Staats, Arie K. Kies, Myrthe S. Gilbert y René P. Kwakkel. Poultry Science, Volume 101, Issue 7, Julio 2022. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579122002036

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