From arthroscopy to gene therapy-30 years of looking in joints

Equine degenerative arthritis was reported as an entity in 1938 by Kelser and Callender1 based on a comparison of the pathological changes in humans and horses by the same authors.2 Equine osteoarthritis (OA; the common name now) was reviewed by Mackay-Smith in 1962,3 and it received its first clinical attention at AAEP in 1966 with a presentation on pathophysiology of equine degenerative joint disease and lameness by the clinical pioneers Raker et al.4 Until this stage, the studies had been postmortem studies, with little correlation to clinical signs or clinical significance, and there had been considerable extrapolation from human literature ...