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A Mechanistic Mathematical Model to Predict the Transfer of Systemically Administered Drugs from Plasma to Milk
R. Gehring, D. van der Merwe, R.E...
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The use of drugs in lactating animals has the potential to cause residues in their milk, which is of concern for both human health and economic reasons. This makes it necessary to withhold the milk from the market until the drug concentration has decreased to levels that are considered safe for human consumption. If a drug is used in an extralabel manner, this withholding time is essentially unknown. Although the plasma pharmacokinetics is known for many drugs used therapeutically in food-producing animals, there is a relative paucity of reported studies describing the concentrations of drugs in milk. Our research describes a mechanistic mathematical model that can be used to predict the concentrations of drugs in milk following systemic administration. Ordinary differential equations are used to describe changes in the drug’s concentration. A classical compartmental pharmacokinetic equation is used for describing the plasma concentrations, making it possible to use experimentally determined parameters. The equation that describes the concentration of drug in milk contains terms that reflect our current understanding of the processes involved in the transfer of chemicals from plasma to milk. The primary application of this model would be as a research tool to improve our current understanding of the factors that govern the transfer of drugs from plasma to milk. When validated for specific drugs, this model could also be used to approximate appropriate milk withholding times for drugs that are used in an extralabel manner in dairy cattle.
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