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Cytochrome P450s: Overview and Role in Drug Interactions
L.A. Trepanier
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Overview of cytochrome P450’s
Cytochrome P450’s (CYP’s) are heme-containing enzymes involved in the metabolism of drugs, hormones, and environmental chemicals. These membrane-bound enzymes are expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum of liver, intestine, kidney, brain, adrenal, and other organs. There are hundreds of cytochrome P450’s recognized; CYP enzymes are categorized within and between different species using a family/subfamily/individual enzyme nomenclature. For example, CYP3A4, an abundant P450 in human liver, is a member of the CYP3 family, CYP3A subfamily, and represents a unique enzyme (3A4) in humans. The ortholog (comparable enzyme) in dogs is CYP3A12. Orthologs are evolutionarily related among species and share high amino acid identity. These related enzymes often have similar substrate ranges; however, there can also be unexpected differences between species in the primary CYP(s) that metabolize a given drug. […]
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Affiliation of the authors at the time of publication
DACVCP, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, USA.
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