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Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Pituitary Gland of Horses With Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can effectively document pituitary gland (PG) and pars intermedia (PI) size as well as detail morphologic changes within the PI of equids with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID).
1. Introduction
PPID is the most common endocrine disease of aged horses. We hypothesized that enlargement of the PG in PPID-affected horses could be documented by MRI and that pathologic changes within the PI can be graded in a repeatable manner using MR images with results comparable to histological grading.
2. Materials and Methods
MRI was performed immediately prior to euthanasia in 21 horses: 13 with clinical signs of PPID and supportive endocrine test results and four aged and four young non-PPID-affected horses. The PG was removed for direct measurement of weight, height, and length. Total PG and PI areas were measured on midline sagittal MR images and histological sections and compared by correlation analysis. A MRI PI grading system (1–5) was used to grade MR images and mean MRI and histological grades were compared.
3. Results
PGs weighed 1.7 to 10.1 g and included PGs that ranged from 1–5 on both MRI and histological PI grades. Gross tissue, MRI, and histological measurements were highly correlated and mean MRI grade was highly correlated with mean histological grade (r = 0.83, P < .01). Both micro- and macroadenomas could be visualized by MRI. T2-weighted images provided the greatest contrast and anatomical detail.
4. Discussion
MRI is a useful tool to determine PG and PI size and morphologic changes within the PI of PPID-affected horses.
Acknowledgments
Declaration of Ethics
The Authors declare that they have adhered to the Principles of Veterinary Medical Ethics of the AVMA.
Conflict of Interest
Drs. Schott and McFarlane are consultants for Boehringer-Ingelheim, Vetmedica, Inc. This project was funded by the Equine Health and Performance Endowed Fund, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
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