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Review of the Treatment of Equine Cutaneous Neoplasia
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1. Introduction
The skin is the most common site for equine neoplasia.1 The most common cutaneous tumors are equine sarcoid, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), melanoma, fibrosarcoma, and cutaneous lymphosarcoma, respectively.1–4 Factors that have been associated with these conditions include ultraviolet radiation, inflammation, trauma, and viral infections.5 To help the veterinarian make appropriate therapeutic decisions, this paper will review cutaneous neoplasia in the horse and the treatments available.
2. History and Physical Exam
The most relevant history includes the duration of the lesion’s presence and whether or not it is changing. Other health conditions and current medications should be discussed when obtaining the history.
A thorough physical examination should be performed. Other masses, alopecic areas, non-pigmented regions, mucocutaneous junctions, and cutaneous scars should be evaluated. Regional lymph nodes should be palpated, and this may necessitate a rectal exam. It is also important to look for other conditions that may mimic cutaneous or subcutaneous neoplasias, such as regional lymphadenopathy in a horse with a local infection, to ensure treatment of the entire patient and prevent missing metastases. [...]
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