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Review of Neonatal Seizure Management
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1. Introduction
Seizure activity in the neonatal foal can result from cerebral trauma, central nervous system inflammation or infection, compressive intracranial lesions, cerebral edema, congenital epilepsy, or electrolyte disturbances secondary to systemic illness. Because the cause of the seizure activity may not readily be apparent, the first goal of therapy is to control seizure activity and prevent secondary physical injury. Once seizure activity is stabilized, determination of any underlying medical conditions can proceed with an assessment of the systemic health and metabolic state of the neonate.
2. Seizure Recognition
Seizure activity is an indication of forebrain neurological dysfunction as the result of abnormal electrical activity within the brain. Involuntary, spontaneous muscle contractions are accompanied by varying degrees of loss of consciousness. Seizures may be further divided into focal or partial (initially involving a small part of the brain with limited manifestations) or generalized (widespread involvement of the brain with recumbency and loss of consciousness possible). Partial seizures do not necessarily progress into general seizures. Seizures of cerebral origin often remain predictable and non-progressive with respect to their severity and duration. However, when caused by an underlying systemic problem, seizure activity often worsens with any deterioration in the precipitating disease process. [...]
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