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Functional Anatomy of the Equine Interphalangeal Joints
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1. Introduction
The distal forelimb of the horse undergoes high stresses during locomotion, particularly during uneven foot bearing. The distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) is one of the most affected joints in the horse, the most influenced by hoof placement and orientation, and the most directly manipulated by hoof trimming and shoeing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent and distribution of the contact articular surfaces within the interphalangeal joints under different circumstances of loading, limb attitude, and foot orientation, reproducing physiological stresses during natural gaits and jump and sport exercises. It was also to correlate experimental findings on isolated limbs and live horses with clinical applications and corrective shoeing.
2. Materials and Methods
A. Contact Articular Surfaces on Isolated Forelimbs Forty-nine isolated thoracic limbs of adult horses and foals were used in the study. These limbs were sectioned at the mid-forearm to preserve the stay apparatus and especially the proximal insertion of the accessory ligament of the superficial digital flexor tendon (proximal check ligament). For each test limb attitude (landing, support, or propulsion) and foot orientation (horizontal surface or surface that slopes down from medial to lateral or lateral to medial) were carefully chosen to reproduce one of the physiological circumstances of the horse weight-bearing limb during locomotion. […]
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About
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Affiliation of the authors at the time of publication
Clinique Equine, INRA ‘‘Biomécanique du Cheval,’’ Ecole Vétérinaire d’Alfort 7, Maisons-Alfort, France.
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