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Clinical Evaluation of Poor Training or Racing Performance in 348 Horses (1992–1996)
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1. Introduction
The diagnosis of poor performance in equine athletes is difficult because the problems causing poor performance are often manifested only at medium to high speed and may have a multifactorial etiology.1 Traditional methods of evaluation of poor performance include a complete physical and lameness examination and clinico pathological evaluation. High-speed treadmill video endoscopy, exercising telemetric electrocardiography, and stress echocardiography add a new dimension to the examination of horses with poor performance,2–11 and were used to evaluate poor performance in 348 high performance horses.
2. Materials and Methods
The case records of all horses (N = 348), presented to the Jeffords High Speed Treadmill Facility, School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania from August 1992 through March 1996 with a history of poor performance, were examined. All horses received a physical examination, lameness examination, resting and exercising video endoscopic examination, pre-exercising and post exercise radio telemetric electrocardiography, pre-exercise and post exercise stress echocardiography and pre-exercise and post exercise serum muscle enzymes.
A. Video endoscopy
Video endoscopy was performed using a 100-cm-long, 9.8-mm diameter flexible video endoscopea passed up the right ventral meatus, positioned just caudal to the guttural pouch openings, fixed to the noseband of the halter, and recorded using a Super VHS VCR.b
B. Echocardiography
Echocardiograms (M-Mode and 2-D) were performed with a 2.5-MHz sector scanner transducerc at rest and immediately after exercise. […]
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About
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Affiliation of the authors at the time of publication
New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA.
Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Minnesota, MN, USA.
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