International Veterinary Information Service 

Expand Window  Reduce Window  Print  Close Window
spacer

In:  Clinical Neurology in Small Animals - Localization, Diagnosis and Treatment.  K. G. Braund (Ed.)

Publisher:  International Veterinary Information Service, Ithaca, New York, USA.

Myopathic Disorders
K. G. Braund

References

1.  Braund KG, Steinberg HS, Mehta JR, et al. Investigating a degenerative polymyopathy in four related Bouvier des Flandres dogs. Vet Med 1990; 85:558, 562-570.
 
2.  Peeters ME, Haagen AJVv, Goedegebuure SA, et al. Dysphagia in Bouviers associated with muscular dystrophy; evaluation of 24 cases. Vet Q 1991; 13:65-73. - PubMed -
 
3.  Peeters ME, Ubbink GJ. Dysphagia-associated muscular dystrophy: a familial trait in the bouvier des Flandres. Vet Rec 1994; 134:444-446. - PubMed -
 
4.  Siddique N, Sufit R, Siddique T. Degenerative motor, sensory, and autonomic disorders. In: Goetz C, Pappert E, eds. Textbook of Clinical Neurology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 2000; 695-717. - Available from amazon.com -
 
5.  Newsholme SJ, Gaskell CJ. Myopathy with core-like structures in a dog. J Comp Pathol 1987; 97:597-600. - PubMed -
 
6.  Targett MP, Franklin RJM, Olby NJ, et al. Central core myopathy in a great dane. J Small Anim Pract 1994; 35:100-103.
 
7.  Weller RO, Cumming WJK, Mahon M. Diseases of muscle. In: Graham DI, Lantos PL, eds. Greenfield's Neuropathology. 6th ed. London: Arnold, 1997; 489-581. - Available from amazon.com -
 
8.  Griffiths IR, Duncan ID, Quirk C, et al. "The central areas" of denervated canine muscle. J Comp Pathol 1973; 83:493-498.
 
9.  Rose M, Griggs R. Inherited muscle, neuromuscular, and neuronal disorders. In: Goetz CG, Pappert EJ, eds. Textbook of Clinical Neurology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1999; 719-730.  - Available from amazon.com -
 
10.  Robinson R. "Spasticity" in the Devon rex cat. Vet Rec 1992; 130:302.
 
11.  Winand NJ. Inherited myopathy of Devon Rex cats. Feline Health Topics for Veterinarians 1994; 9:1-2.
 
12.  Malik R, Mepstead K, Yang F, et al. Hereditary myopathy of Devon Rex cats. J Small Anim Pract 1993; 34:539-546.
 
13.  Lievesley P, Gruffydd-Jones TJ. Episodic collapse and weakness in cats. Vet Ann 1989; 29:261-269.
 
14.  Bartsch RC, McConnell EE, Imes GD, et al. A review of exertional rhabdomyolysis in wild and domestic animals and man. Vet Pathol 1977; 14:314-324.
 
15.  Davis PE, Paris R. Azoturia in a Greyhound: clinical pathology aids to diagnosis. J Small Anim Pract 1974; 15:43-54.
 
16.  Gannon JR. Exertional rhabdomyolysis (myoglobinuria) in the racing greyhound. In: Kirk RW, ed. Current Veterinary Therapy VII. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 1980; 783-787.
 
17.  Bjotvedt G, Hendricks GM, Weems CW. Exertional rhabdomyolysis in a racing greyhound - a case report. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 1983; 78:1215-1220.
 
18.  Amberger C. Relapsing rhabdomyolysis in a greyhound. Description of a case. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 1995; 137:180-183. - PubMed -
 
19.  Piercy RJ, Hinchcliff KW, Morley PS, et al. Vitamin E and exertional rhabdomyolysis during endurance sled dog racing. Neuromuscul Disord 2001; 11:278-286. - PubMed -
 
20.  Hinchcliff KW, Shaw LC, Vukich NS, et al. Effect of distance traveled and speed of racing on body weight and serum enzyme activity of sled dogs competing in a long-distance race. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998; 213:639-644. - PubMed -
 
21.  Spangler WL, Muggli FM. Seizure-induced rhabdomyolysis accompanied by acute renal failure in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1978; 172:1190-1194. - PubMed -
 
22.  Jacobson LS, Lobetti RG. Rhabdomyolysis as a complication of canine babesiosis. J Small Anim Pract 1996; 37:286-291. - PubMed -
 
23.  Roberts MC, Mickelson JR, Patterson EE, et al. Autosomal dominant canine malignant hyperthermia is caused by a mutation in the gene encoding the skeletal muscle calcium release channel (RYR1). Anesthesiology 2001; 95:716-725. - PubMed -
 
24.  Hazlett MJ, Houston DM, Maxie MG, et al. Monensin/roxarsone contaminated dog food associated with myodegeneration and renal medullary necrosis in dogs. Can Vet J 1992; 33:749-751.
 
25.  Patterson RE, Haut MJ, Montgomery CA, et al. Natural history of potassium-deficiency myopathy in the dog: role of adrenocorticosteroid in rhabdomyolysis. J Lab Clin Med 1983; 102:565-576.  - PubMed -
 
26.  Cronin RE, Ferguson ER, Shannon WA, Jr., et al. Skeletal muscle injury after magnesium depletion in the dog. Am J Physiol 1982; 243:F113-120. - PubMed -
 
27.  Adams RD, Victor M. Principles of Neurology. 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Inc, 1993; 1200-1214. - Available from amazon.com -
 
28.  Adams RD, Victor M. Principles of Neurology. New York: McGraw-Hill Inc, 1993; 1059-1077. - Available from amazon.com -
 
29.  Howerth EW, McCrindle CM. Acute renal failure in a dog following exertional rhabdomyolysis. J S Afr Vet Assoc 1982; 53:115-117.
 
30.  Lassen ED, Craig AM, Blythe LL. Effects of racing on hematologic and serum biochemical values in greyhounds. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1986; 188:1299-1303. - PubMed -
 
31.  Wodecki JJ, Heinrich C. Paralytic myoglobinuria in greyhounds. Tierarztl Prax 1993; 21:355-359. - PubMed -
 
32.  Vaughan LC. Muscle and tendon injuries in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 1979; 20:711-736.
 
33.  Pettit GD. Studies on the pathophysiology of infraspinatus muscle contracture in the dog. Vet Surg 1978; 1:8-11.
 
34.  Bennett AR. Contracture of the infraspinatus muscle in dogs: a review of 12 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1986; 22:481-487.
 
35.  Moore RW, Rouse GP, Piermattei DC, et al. Fibrotic myopathy of the semitendinosus muscle in four dogs. Vet Surg 1981; 10:169-174.
 
36.  Capello V, Mortellaro CM, Fonda D. Myopathy of the "Gracilis - semitendinosus muscle complex" in the dog. Eur J Companion Anim Pract 1993; 3:57-68.
 
37.  Lewis DD, Shelton GD, Piras A, et al. Gracilis or semitendinosus myopathy in 18 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1997; 33:177-188. - PubMed -
 
38.  Steiss JE. Muscle disorders and rehabilitation in canine athletes. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2002; 32:267-285. - PubMed -
 
39.  Gao GX. Idiopathic contracture of the gluteus maximus muscle in children. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 1988; 107:277-279. - PubMed -
 
40.  Louis ED, Bodner RA, Challenor YB, et al. Focal myopathy induced by chronic intramuscular heroin injection. Muscle Nerve 1994; 17:550-552. - PubMed -
 
41.  Van den Bergh PY, Guettat L, Vande Berg BC, et al. Focal myopathy associated with chronic intramuscular injection of piritramide. Muscle Nerve 1997; 20:1598-1600. - PubMed -
 
42.  Steiss JE, Simpson S, Adams CC, et al. Is fibrotic (gracilis) myopathy due to muscle strain in physically active dogs? Located at: http://uab.edu/janetsteiss.
 
43.  Lewis DD. Fibrotic myopathy of the semitendinosus muscle in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1988; 193:240-241. - PubMed -
 
44.  Chen CK, Yeh L, Chen CT, et al. Contracture of the deltoid muscle: imaging findings in 17 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1998; 170:449-453. - PubMed -
 
45.  Murrell GA, Francis MJ, Howlett CR. Dupuytren's contracture. Fine structure in relation to aetiology. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1989; 71:367-373. - PubMed -
 
46.  Watt PR. Posttraumatic myositis ossificans and fibrotic myopathy in the rectus femoris muscle in a dog: a case report and literature review. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1992; 28:560-564.
 
47.  Bruce WJ, Spence S, Miller A. Teres minor myopathy as a cause of lameness in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 1997; 38:74-77. - PubMed -
 
48.  Nordgren RM, Craig TM. Experimental transmission of the Texas strain of Hepatozoon canis. Vet Parasitol 1984; 16:207-214. - PubMed -
 
49.  Barton CL, Russo EA, Craig TM, et al. Canine hepatozoonosis: a retrospective study of 15 naturally occurring cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1985; 21:125-134.
 
50.  Craig TM, Jones LP, Nordgren RM. Diagnosis of Hepatozoon canis by muscle biopsy. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1984; 20:301-303.
 
51.  Panciera RJ, Gatto NT, Crystal MA, et al. Canine hepatozoonosis in Oklahoma. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1997; 33:221-225. - PubMed -
 
52.  Baneth G, Lavy E, Presentey BZ, et al. Hepatozoon sp. parasitemia in a domestic cat. Feline Pract 1995; 23:10-12.
 
53.  McCully RM, Basson PA, Bigalke RD, et al. Observations on naturally acquired hepatozoonosis of wild canivores and dogs in the Republic of South Africa. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 1975; 42:117-133. - PubMed -
 
54.  Murata T, Shiramizu K, Hara Y, et al. First case of Hepatozoon canis infection of a dog in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 1991; 53:1097-1099.
 
55.  Murata T, Amimoto A, Shiramizu K, et al. Survey of canine Hepatozoon canis infection in the western part of Yamaguchi prefecture. [Japanese]. J Jap Vet Med Assoc 1993; 46:395-397.
 
56.  Van Heerden J, Mills MG, Van Vuuren MJ, et al. An investigation into the health status and diseases of wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in the Kruger National Park. J S Afr Vet Assoc 1995; 66:18-27. - PubMed -
 
57.  Vincent-Johnson N, Macintire DK, Baneth G. Canine hepatozoonosis: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 1997; 19:51...65.
 
58.  Craig TM. Hepatozoonosis. In: Greene C, ed. Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 1998; 458-465. - Available from amazon.com -
 
59.  Vincent-Johnson NA, Macintire DK, Lindsay DS, et al. A new Hepatozoon species from dogs: description of the causative agent of canine hepatozoonosis in North America. J Parasitol 1997; 83:1165-1172. - PubMed -
 
60.  Mathew JS, Ewing SA, Panciera RJ, et al. Sporogonic development of Hepatozoon americanum (Apicomplexa) in its definitive host, Amblyomma maculatum (Acarina). J Parasitol 1999; 85:1023-1031. - PubMed -
 
61.  Ewing SA, Panciera RJ, Mathew JS, et al. American canine hepatozoonosis. An emerging disease in the New World. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2000; 916:81-92. - PubMed -
 
62.  Macintire DK, Vincent-Johnson N, Dillon AR, et al. Hepatozoonosis in dogs: 22 cases (1989-1994). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997; 210:916-922. - PubMed -
 
63.  Murata T, Inoue M, Tateyama S, et al. Vertical transmission of Hepatozoon canis in dogs. J Vet Med Sci 1993; 55:867-868. - PubMed -
 
64.  Baker JL, Craig TM, Barton CCL, et al. Hepatozoon canis infection in a dog with oral pyogranulomas and neurological disease. Cornell Vet 1988; 78:179-183.
 
65.  Panciera RJ, Mathew JS, Ewing SA, et al. Skeletal lesions of canine hepatozoonosis caused by Hepatozoon americanum. Vet Pathol 2000; 37:225-230. - PubMed -
 
66.  Panciera RJ, Ewing SA, Mathew JS, et al. Observations on tissue stages of Hepatozoon americanum in 19 naturally infected dogs. Vet Parasitol 1998; 78:265-276. - PubMed -
 
67.  Panciera RJ, Ewing SA, Mathew JS, et al. Canine hepatozoonosis: comparison of lesions and parasites in skeletal muscle of dogs experimentally or naturally infected with Hepatozoon americanum. Vet Parasitol 1999; 82:261-272. - PubMed -
 
68.  Panciera RJ, Mathew JS, Cummings CA, et al. Comparison of tissue stages of Hepatozoon americanum in the dog using immunohistochemical and routine histologic methods. Vet Pathol 2001; 38:422-426. - PubMed -
 
69.  Mathew JS, Saliki JT, Ewing SA, et al. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of American canine hepatozoonosis. J Vet Diagn Invest 2001; 13:17-21. - PubMed -
 
70.  Macintire DK, Vincent-Johnson NA, Kane CW, et al. Treatment of dogs infected with Hepatozoon americanum: 53 cases (1989-1998). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001; 218:77-82. - PubMed -
 
71.  Duncan ID, Griffiths IR, Nash AS. Myotonia in canine Cushing's disease. Vet Rec 1977; 100:30-31.
 
72.  Greene CE, Lorenz MD, Munnell JF, et al. Myopathy associated with hyperadrenocorticism in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1979; 174:1310-1315. - PubMed -
 
73.  Braund KG, Dillon AR, Mikeal RL, et al. Subclinical myopathy associated with hyperadrenocorticism in the dog. Vet Pathol 1980; 17:134-148. - PubMed -
 
74.  Hoskins JD, Nafe LA, Cho DY. Myopathy associated with hyperadrenocorticism in a dog: a case report. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 1982; 77:760...764.
 
75.  Swinney GR, Foster SF, Church DB, et al. Myotonia associated with hyperadrenocorticism in two dogs. Aust Vet J 1998; 76:722-724. - PubMed -
 
76.  Feldman EC. Hyperadrenocorticism. In: Ettinger S, Feldman EC, eds. Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 5th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 2000; 1460-1488. - Available from amazon.com -
 
77.  Reusch CE, Feldman EC. Canine hyperadrenocorticism due to adrenocortical neoplasia. Pretreatment evaluation of 41 dogs. J Vet Intern Med 1991; 5:3-10. - PubMed -
 
78.  Ruff RL, Weissmann J. Endocrine myopathies. Neurol Clin 1988; 6:575-592. - PubMed -
 
79.  Glaze MB, Crawford MA, Nachreiner RF, et al. Ophthalmic corticosteroid therapy: systemic effects in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1988; 192:73-75. - PubMed -
 
80.  Feldman BF. Hyperadrenocorticism. In: Ettinger SJ, Feldman BF, eds. Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 4th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1995; 1538-1578. - Available from amazon.com -
 
81.  Rewerts JM, Grooters AM, Payne JT, et al. Atraumatic rupture of the gastrocnemius muscle after corticosteroid administration in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997; 210:655-657. - PubMed -
 
82.  Boswood A, Lamb CR, White RN. Aortic and iliac thrombosis in six dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2000; 41:109-114. - PubMed -
 
83.  Ortega TM, Feldman EC, Nelson RW, et al. Systemic arterial blood pressure and urine protein/creatinine ratio in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996; 209:1724-1729. - PubMed -
 
84.  Braund KG, Dillon AR, Mikeal RL. Experimental investigation of glucocorticoid-induced myopathy in the dog. Exp Neurol 1980; 68:50-71.
 
85.  Robinson AJ, Clamann HP. Effects of glucocorticoids on motor units in cat hindlimb muscles. Muscle Nerve 1988; 11:703-713. - PubMed -
 
86.  McKay LI, DuBois DC, Sun YN, et al. Corticosteroid effects in skeletal muscle: gene induction/receptor autoregulation. Muscle Nerve 1997; 20:1318-1320. - PubMed -
 
87.  Kanda F, Okuda S, Matsushita T, et al. Steroid myopathy: pathogenesis and effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I administration. Horm Res 2001; 56:24-28. - PubMed -
 
88.  DuBois DC, Almon RR. Disuse atrophy of skeletal muscle is associated with an increase in number of glucocorticoid receptors. Endocrinology 1980; 107:1649-1651. - PubMed -
 
89.  Almon RR, Dubois DC. Fiber-type discrimination in disuse and glucocorticoid-induced atrophy. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1990; 22:304-311. - PubMed -
 
90.  Prineas J, Hall R, Barwick DD, et al. Myopathy associated with pigmentation following adrenalectomy for Cushing's syndrome. Q J Med 1968; 37:63-77.
 
91.  Duncan JR, Prasse KW. Veterinary Laboratory Medicine. 2nd ed. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1986; 193-197.
 
92.  Huang HP, Yang HL, Liang SL, et al. Iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism in 28 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1999; 35:200-207. - PubMed -
 
93.  Gould SM, Baines EA, Mannion PA, et al. Use of endogenous ACTH concentration and adrenal ultrasonography to distinguish the cause of canine hyperadrenocorticism. J Small Anim Pract 2001; 42:113-121. - PubMed -
 
94.  Hoerauf A, Reusch C. Ultrasonographic characteristics of both adrenal glands in 15 dogs with functional adrenocortical tumors. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1999; 35:193-199. - PubMed -
 
95.  Kipperman BS, Feldman EC, Dybdal NO, et al. Pituitary tumor size, neurologic signs, and relation to endocrine test results in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism: 43 cases (1980-1990). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992; 201:762-767. - PubMed -
 
96.  Sarfaty D, Carrillo JM, Peterson ME. Neurologic, endocrinologic, and pathologic findings associated with large pituitary tumors in dogs: eight cases (1976-1984). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1988; 193:854-856. - PubMed -
 
97.  Greco DS, Peterson ME, Davidson AP, et al. Concurrent pituitary and adrenal tumors in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism: 17 cases (1978-1995). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999; 214:1349-1353. - PubMed -
 
98.  Peterson ME. Medical treatment of pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism in dogs: should L-deprenyl (Anipryl) ever be used? J Vet Intern Med 1999; 13:289-290.
 
99.  Meij BP, Voorhout G, van den Ingh TS, et al. Results of transsphenoidal hypophysectomy in 52 dogs with pituitary- dependent hyperadrenocorticism. Vet Surg 1998; 27:246-261. - PubMed -
 
100.  den Hertog E, Braakman JC, Teske E, et al. Results of non-selective adrenocorticolysis by o,p'-DDD in 129 dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. Vet Rec 1999; 144:12-17. - PubMed -
 
101.  Peterson ME. Medical treatment of canine pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's disease). Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2001; 31:1005-1014, viii. - PubMed -
 
102.  Reusch CE, Steffen T, Hoerauf A. The efficacy of L-Deprenyl in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. J Vet Intern Med 1999; 13:291-301. - PubMed -
 
103.  Hurley K, Sturgess K, Cauvin A, et al. The use of trilostane for the treatment of hyperadrenocorticism in dogs (Abstract). J Vet Intern Med 1998; 12:210.
 
104.  van Balkom RH, van der Heijden HF, van Herwaarden CL, et al. Corticosteroid-induced myopathy of the respiratory muscles. Neth J Med 1994; 45:114-122. - PubMed -
 
105.  Alshekhlee A, Kaminski HJ, Ruff RL. Neuromuscular manifestations of endocrine disorders. Neurol Clin 2002; 20:35-58. - PubMed -
 
106.  Phillips SL, Polzin DJ. Clinical disorders of potassium homeostasis: hyperkalemia and hypokalemia. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1998; 28:545-564. - PubMed -
 
107.  Ferrante M. Endogenous metabolic disorders. In: Goetz C, Pappert E, eds. Textbook of Clinical Neurology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 1999; 731-767. - Available from amazon.com -
 
108.  Jezyk PF. Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1982; 18:977-980.
 
109.  Isom LL. Sodium channel beta subunits: anything but auxiliary. Neuroscientist 2001; 7:42-54. - PubMed -
 
110.  Bond EF. Channelopathies: potassium-related periodic paralyses and similar disorders. AACN Clin Issues 2000; 11:261-270. - PubMed -
 
111.  Naylor JM. Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 1997; 13:129-144. - PubMed -
 
112.  Steiss JE, Naylor JM. Episodic muscle tremors in a Quarter horse: resemblance to hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. Can Vet J 1986; 27:332-335.
 
113.  Dow SW, Fettman MJ, LeCouteur RA, et al. Hypodipsic hypernatremia and associated myopathy in a hydrocephalic cat with transient hypopituitarism. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1987; 191:217-221. - PubMed -
 
114.  Fettman MJ. Feline kaliopenic polymyopathy/nephropathy syndrome. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1989; 19:415-432. - PubMed -
 
115.  Dow SW, Fettman MJ, Curtis CR, et al. Hypokalemia in cats: 186 cases (1984-1987). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1989; 194:1604-1608. - PubMed -
 
116.  Hopkins AL. Sporadic feline hypokalaemic polymyopathy. Vet Rec 1989; 125:17.
 
117.  Schunk KL. Feline polymyopathy. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Annu Meet Vet med Forum, ACVIM 1984; 197-200.
 
118.  Leon A, Bain SA, Levick WR. Hypokalaemic episodic polymyopathy in cats fed a vegetarian diet. Aust Vet J 1992; 69:249-254. - PubMed -
 
119.  Willard MD. Disorders of potassium homeostasis. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1989; 19:241-263.
 
120.  Dubowitz V. Muscle biopsy. A practical approach. London: Baillière Tindall, 1985; 465-569.
 
121.  Harrington ML, Bagley RS, Braund KG. Suspect hypokalemic myopathy in a dog. Prog Vet Neurol 1996; 7:130-132.
 
122.  Peres Y. Hyponatremia and hypokalemia. In: Ettinger SJ, Feldman BF, eds. Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 5th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 2000; 222-227. - Available from amazon.com -
 
123.  Kirsch M. [Hypokalemic myopathy in cats]. Tierarztl Prax 1995; 23:167-171. - PubMed -
 
124.  Nemzek JA, Kruger JM, Walshaw R, et al. Acute onset of hypokalemia and muscular weakness in four hyperthyroid cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1994; 205:65-68. - PubMed -
 
125.  Manoukian MA, Foote JA, Crapo LM. Clinical and metabolic features of thyrotoxic periodic paralysis in 24 episodes. Arch Intern Med 1999; 159:601-606. - PubMed -
 
126.  Ramirez Rivera J, Flores AD. Sudden periodic paralysis: rare manifestation of thyrotoxicosis. Bol Asoc Med P R 1998; 90:88-90. - PubMed -
 
127.  Lee KO, Taylor EA, Oh VM, et al. Hyperinsulinaemia in thyrotoxic hypokalaemic periodic paralysis. Lancet 1991; 337:1063-1064. - PubMed -
 
128.  Churcher RK. Hepatic carcinoid, hypercortisolism and hypokalaemia in a dog. Aust Vet J 1999; 77:641-645. - PubMed -
 
129.  Blaxter AC, Lievesley P, Gruffydd-Jones T, et al. Periodic muscle weakness in Burmese kittens. Vet Rec 1986; 118: 22, 619-620.
 
130.  Jones BR, Alley MR. Hypokalaemic myopathy in Burmese kittens. N Z Vet J 1988; 36:150-151.
 
131.  Jones BR, Gruffydd-Jones TJ. Hypokalemia in the cat. Cornell Vet 1990; 80:13-15.
 
132.  Lantinga E, Kooistra HS, van Nes JJ. Periodic muscle weakness and cervical ventroflexion caused by hypokalemia in a Burmese cat. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd 1998; 123:435-437. - PubMed -
 
133.  Jones BR. Hypokalemic myopathy in cats. In: Bonagura JD, ed. Kirk's Current Veterinary Therapy XIII. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 2000; 985-987. - Available from amazon.com -
 
134.  Braund KG, Dillon AR, August JR, et al. Hypothyroid myopathy in two dogs. Vet Pathol 1981; 18:589-598. - PubMed -
 
135.  Chastain CB, Schmidt B. Galactorrhea associated with hypothyroidism in intact bitches. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1980; 16:851-854.
 
136.  Dewey CW, Shelton GD, Bailey CS, et al. Neuromuscular dysfunction in five dogs with acquired myasthenia gravis and presumptive hypothyroidism. Prog Vet Neurol 1995; 6:117-123.
 
137.  Braund KG. Clinical Syndromes in Veterinary Neurology. St Louis: Mosby, 1994; 160-161. - Available from amazon.com -
 
138.  Rodolico C, Toscano A, Benvenga S, et al. Skeletal muscle disturbances may precede clinical and laboratory evidence of autoimmune hypothyroidism. J Neurol 1998; 245:555-556.
 
139.  McDaniel HG, Pittman CS, Oh SJ, et al. Carbohydrate metabolism in hypothyroid myopathy. Metabolism 1977; 26:867-873. - PubMed -
 
140.  Kaminsky P, Robin-Lherbier B, Brunotte F, et al. Energetic metabolism in hypothyroid skeletal muscle, as studied by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992; 74:124-129. - PubMed -
 
141.  Modi G. Cores in hypothyroid myopathy: a clinical, histological and immunofluorescence study. J Neurol Sci 2000; 175:28-32. - PubMed -
 
142.  Panciera DL. Hypothyroidism in dogs: 66 cases (1987-1992). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1994; 204:761-767. - PubMed -
 
143.  Budsberg SC, Moore GE, Klappenbach K. Thyroxine-responsive unilateral forelimb lameness and generalized neuromuscular disease in four hypothyroid dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1993; 202:1859-1860. - PubMed -
 
144.  Cardinet GH, 3rd, Fedde MR, Tunell GL. Correlates of histochemical and physiologic properties in normal and hypotrophic pectineus muscles of the dog. Lab Invest 1972; 27:32-38.
 
145.  Braund KG, Shires PK, Mikeal RL. Type I fiber atrophy in the vastus lateralis muscle in dogs with femoral fractures treated by hyperextension. Vet Pathol 1980; 17:164-176. - PubMed -
 
146.  Jovanovic S, Orlic D, Wertheimer B, et al. Quadricepsplasty after war fractures. Mil Med 2000; 165:263-267. - PubMed -
 
147.  Ikpeme JO. Quadricepsplasty following femoral shaft fractures. Injury 1993; 24:104-108. - PubMed -
 
148.  Moore TJ, Harwin C, Green SA, et al. The results of quadricepsplasty on knee motion following femoral fractures. J Trauma 1987; 27:49-51. - PubMed -
 
149.  Shires PK, Braund KG, Milton JL, et al. Effect of localized trauma and temporary splinting on immature skeletal muscle and mobility of the femorotibial joint in the dog. Am J Vet Res 1982; 43:454-460. - PubMed -
 
150.  Stead AC, Camburn MA, Gunn HM, et al. Congenital hindlimb rigidity in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 1977; 18:39-46.
 
151.  Flanders JA. Feline aortic thromboembolism. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 1986; 8:473...484.
 
152.  Novotny MJ, Hogan PM, Flannigan G. Echocardiographic evidence for myocardial failure induced by taurine deficiency in domestic cats. Can J Vet Res 1994; 58:6-12.
 
153.  Freeman LM. Interventional nutrition for cardiac disease. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 1998; 13:232-237. - PubMed -
 
154.  Pion PD, Kittleson MD, Thomas WP, et al. Clinical findings in cats with dilated cardiomyopathy and relationship of findings to taurine deficiency. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992; 201:267-274. - PubMed -
 
155.  Pion PD, Kittleson MD, Skiles ML, et al. Dilated cardiomyopathy associated with taurine deficiency in the domestic cat: relationship to diet and myocardial taurine content. Adv Exp Med Biol 1992; 315:63-73.
 
156.  Liu SK, Fox PR, Tilley LP. Excessive moderator bands in the left ventricle of 21 cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1982; 180:1215-1219. - PubMed -
 
157.  Laste NJ, Harpster NK. A retrospective study of 100 cases of feline distal aortic thromboembolism: 1977-1993. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1995; 31:492-500. - PubMed -
 
158.  Dow SW, Fettman MJ, Smith KR, et al. Taurine depletion and cardiovascular disease in adult cats fed a potassium-depleted acidified diet. Am J Vet Res 1992; 53:402-405. - PubMed -
 
159.  McMichael MA, Freeman LM, Selhub J, et al. Plasma homocysteine, B vitamins, and amino acid concentrations in cats with cardiomyopathy and arterial thromboembolism. J Vet Intern Med 2000; 14:507-512. - PubMed -
 
160.  Duncan ID. Peripheral neuropathy in the dog and cat. Prog Vet Neurol 1991; 2:111-128.
 
161.  Olmstead ML, Butler HC. Five-hydroxytryptamine antagonists and feline aortic embolism. J Small Anim Pract 1977; 18:247-259.
 
162.  Tilley LP, Liu SK. Cardiomyopathy and thromboembolism in the cat. Feline Pract 1975; 5:32-41.
 
163.  Atkins CE, Gallo AM, Kurzman ID, et al. Risk factors, clinical signs, and survival in cats with a clinical diagnosis of idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: 74 cases (1985-1989). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992; 201:613-618. - PubMed -
 
164.  Griffiths IR, Duncan ID. Ischaemic neuromyopathy in cats. Vet Rec 1979; 104:518-522. - PubMed -
 
165.  Langelier KM. Ischemic neuromyopathy associated with steel pellet BB shot aortic obstruction in a cat. Can Vet J 1982; 23:187-189.
 
166.  Whigham HM, Ellison GW, Graham J. Aortic foreign body resulting in ischemic neuromyopathy and development of collateral circulation in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998; 213:829-832. - PubMed -
 
167.  Scott-Moncrieff JC, Treadwell NG, McCullough SM, et al. Hemostatic abnormalities in dogs with primary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2001; 37:220-227. - PubMed -
 
168.  Zanotti S, Kaplan P, Garlick D, et al. Endocarditis associated with a urinary bladder foreign body in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1989; 25:557-561.
 
169.  Rasedee A, Feldman BF, Washabau R. Naturally occurring canine nephrotic syndrome is a potentially hypercoagulable state. Acta Vet Scand 1986; 27:369-377.
 
170.  van Winkle TJ, Liu SM, Hackner SG. Clinical and pathological features of aortic thromboembolism in 36 dogs. J Vet Emerg Critic Care 1993; 3:13-21.
 
171.  Carter WO. Aortic thromboembolism as a complication of gastric dilatation/volvulus in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1990; 196:1829-1830. - PubMed -
 
172.  Damsten Y, Jarvinen AK, Karkkainen M. Aortic thromboembolism in a dog. A case report. [Finnish]. Suomen Elainlaakarilehti 1989; 95:559-564.
 
173.  Buchanan JW, Beardow AW, Sammarco CD. Femoral artery occlusion in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997; 211:872-874. - PubMed -
 
174.  Kramer JW, Hegreberg GA, Bryan GM, et al. A muscle disorder of Labrador retrievers characterized by deficiency of type II muscle fibers. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1976; 169:817-820. - PubMed -
 
175.  Kramer JW, Hegreberg GA, Hamilton MJ. Inheritance of a neuromuscular disorder of Labrador retriever dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1981; 179:380-381. - PubMed -
 
176.  McKerrell RE, Braund KG. Hereditary myopathy in Labrador retrievers: a morphologic study. Vet Pathol 1986; 23:411-417. - PubMed -
 
177.  Amann JF. Congenital and acquired neuromuscular disease of young dogs and cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1987; 17:617-639.
 
178.  McKerrell RE, Braund KG. Hereditary myopathy in Labrador Retrievers: clinical variations. J Small Anim Pract 1987; 28:479-489.
 
179.  Watson AD, Farrow BR, Middleton DJ, et al. Myopathy in a Labrador retriever. Aust Vet J 1988; 65:226-227.
 
180.  Gortel K, Houston DM, Kuiken T, et al. Inherited myopathy in a litter of Labrador retrievers. Can Vet J 1996; 37:108-110.
 
181.  Moore MP, Reed SM, Hegreberg GA, et al. Electromyographic evaluation of adult Labrador retrievers with type-II muscle fiber deficiency. Am J Vet Res 1987; 48:1332-1336. - PubMed -
 
182.  Mehta JR, Braund KG, McKerrell RE, et al. Analysis of muscle elements, water, and total lipids from healthy dogs and Labrador retrievers with hereditary muscular dystrophy. Am J Vet Res 1989; 50:640-644. - PubMed -
 
183.  Braund KG, Mehta JR, Smith BF. Muscular dystrophy in Labrador Retrievers. Comp Pathol Bull AFIP 1995; Supplemental Update, Model Number 366.
 
184.  Olby NJ, Sharp NJ, Anderson LV, et al. Evaluation of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex, alpha-actinin, dysferlin and calpain 3 in an autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy in Labrador retrievers. Neuromuscul Disord 2001; 11:41-49. - PubMed -
 
185.  van der Ven PF, Wiesner S, Salmikangas P, et al. Indications for a novel muscular dystrophy pathway. gamma-filamin, the muscle-specific filamin isoform, interacts with myotilin. J Cell Biol 2000; 151:235-248. - PubMed -
 
186.  Faulkner G, Lanfranchi G, Valle G. Telethonin and other new proteins of the Z-disc of skeletal muscle. IUBMB Life 2001; 51:275-282. - PubMed -
 
187.  Vainzof M, Anderson LV, McNally EM, et al. Dysferlin protein analysis in limb-girdle muscular dystrophies. J Mol Neurosci 2001; 17:71-80. - PubMed -
 
188.  Mehta JR, Braund KG, McKerrell RE, et al. Intracellular electrolytes and water analysis in dystrophic canine muscles. Res Vet Sci 1989; 47:17-22. - PubMed -
 
189.  Mehta JR, Braund KG, McKerrell RE, et al. Isoelectric focusing under dissociating conditions for analysis of muscle protein from clinically normal dogs and Labrador retrievers with hereditary myopathy. Am J Vet Res 1989; 50:633-639. - PubMed -
 
190.  Mehta JR, Braund KG, Hegreberg GA, et al. Lipid fluidity and composition of the erythrocyte membrane from healthy dogs and Labrador retrievers with hereditary muscular dystrophy. Neurochem Res 1991; 16:129-135. - PubMed -
 
191.  Amann JF, Laughlin MH, Korthuis RJ. Muscle hemodynamics in hereditary myopathy of Labrador retrievers. Am J Vet Res 1988; 49:1127-1130. - PubMed -
 
192.  Shelton GD, Engvall E. Muscular dystrophies and other inherited myopathies. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2002; 32:103-124. - PubMed -
 
193.  Steiss J, Braund K, Wright J, et al. Coccygeal muscle injury in English Pointers (limber tail). J Vet Intern Med 1999; 13:540-548. - PubMed -
 
194.  Steiss JE, Braund KG. Frozen tail or limber tail in working dogs. Vet Rec 1997; 141:179.
 
195.  Stockman M. Frozen tail or limber tail in working dogs. Vet Rec 1997; 140:588.
 
196.  Wilkins CM. Frozen tail or limber tail in working dogs. Vet Rec 1997; 140:588.
 
197.  Jeffels W. Frozen tail or limber tail in working dogs. Vet Rec 1997; 140:564.
 
198.  Hewison C. Frozen tail or limber tail in working dogs. Vet Rec 1997; 140:536.
 
199.  Tollens T, Janzing H, Broos P. The pathophysiology of the acute compartment syndrome. Acta Chir Belg 1998; 98:171-175. - PubMed -
 
200.  Mubarak SJ, Pedowitz RA, Hargens AR. Compartment syndromes. Curr Orthop 1989; 3:36-40. - PubMed -
 
201.  O'Brien PJ, Klip A, Britt BA, et al. Malignant hyperthermia susceptibility: biochemical basis for pathogenesis and diagnosis. Can J Vet Res 1990; 54:83-92. - PubMed -
 
202.  Otto K. Malignant hyperthermia as a complication of anaesthesia in the dog. [German]. Tierarztl Prax 1992; 20:519-522. - PubMed -
 
203.  O'Brien PJ, Cribb PH, White RJ, et al. Canine malignant hyperthermia: diagnosis of susceptibility in a breeding colony. Can Vet J 1983; 24:172-177.
 
204.  Nelson TE. Malignant hyperthermia in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1991; 198:989-994. - PubMed -
 
205.  Kirmayer AH, Klide AM, Purvance JE. Malignant hyperthermia in a dog: case report and review of the syndrome. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1984; 185:978-982. - PubMed -
 
206.  Leary SL, Anderson LC, Manning PJ, et al. Recurrent malignant hyperthermia in a Greyhound. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1983; 182:521-522.
 
207.  Bagshaw RJ, Cox RH, Knight DH, et al. Malignant hyperthermia in a greyhound. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1978; 172:61-62. - PubMed -
 
208.  Cosgrove SB, Eisele PH, Martucci RW, et al. Evaluation of Greyhound susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia using halothane-succinylcholine anesthesia and caffeine-halothane muscle contractures. Lab Anim Sci 1992; 42:482-485. - PubMed -
 
209.  Bellah JR, Robertson SA, Buergelt CD, et al. Suspected malignant hyperthermia after halothane anesthesia in a cat. Vet Surg 1989; 18:483-488. - PubMed -
 
210.  Wright RP. Malignant hyperthermia in a greyhound: saving the patient from a fatal syndrome. Vet Med 1987; 82:1012....1020.
 
211.  O'Brien PJ, Fletcher TF, Metz AL, et al. Malignant hyperthermia susceptibility: cardiac histomorphometry of dogs and young and market-weight swine. Can J Vet Res 1987; 51:50-55. - PubMed -
 
212.  Bagshaw RJ, Cox RH, Rosenberg H. Dantrolene treatment of malignant hyperthermia. J Am Medl Assoc 1981; 178:1029.
 
213.  Cribb PH, Olfert EA, Reynolds FB. Erythrocyte osmotic fragility testing and the prediction of canine malignant hyperthermia susceptibility. Can Vet J 1986; 27:517-522.
 
214.  O'Brien PJ, Forsyth GW. Preparation of injectable dantrolene for emergency treatment of malignant hyperthermia-like syndromes. Can Vet J 1983; 24:200.
 
215.  O'Brien PJ, Pook HA, Klip A, et al. Canine stress syndrome/malignant hyperthermia susceptibility: calcium-homeostasis defect in muscle and lymphocytes. Res Vet Sci 1990; 48:124-128. - PubMed -
 
216.  O'Brien PJ, Forsyth GW, Olexson DW, et al. Canine malignant hyperthermia susceptibility: erythrocytic defects-osmotic fragility, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and abnormal Ca2+ homeostasis. Can J Comp Med 1984; 48:381-389. - PubMed -
 
217.  O'Brien PJ, Rand JS. Canine stress syndrome. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1985; 186:432-433.
 
218.  Dickinson PJ, Sullivan M. Exercise induced hyperthermia in a racing greyhound. Vet Rec 1994; 135:508.
 
219.  Rand JS, O'Brien PJ. Exercise-induced malignant hyperthermia in an English Springer Spaniel. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1987; 190:1013-1014. - PubMed -
 
220.  Matwichuk CL, Taylor S, Shmon CL, et al. Changes in rectal temperature and hematologic, biochemical, blood gas, and acid-base values in healthy Labrador Retrievers before and after strenuous exercise. Am J Vet Res 1999; 60:88-92. - PubMed -
 
221.  Martinez NI, Cook W, Troy GC, et al. Intermittent gastroesophageal intussusception in a cat with idiopathic megaesophagus. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2001; 37:234-237. - PubMed -
 
222.  Clifford DH, Soifer FK, Wilson CF, et al. Congenital achalasia of the esophagus in four cats of common ancestry. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1971; 158:1554-1560.
 
223.  Forbes DC, Leishman DE. Megaesophagus in a cat. Can Vet J 1985; 26:354-356.
 
224.  Hendricks JC, Maggio-Price L, Dougherty JF. Transient esophageal dysfunction mimicking megaesophagus in three dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1984; 185:90-92.
 
225.  Gaynor AR, Shofer FS, Washabau RJ. Risk factors for acquired megaesophagus in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997; 211:1406-1412. - PubMed -
 
226.  Guilford WG. Megaesophagus in the dog and cat. Semin Vet Med Surg (Small Anim) 1990; 5:37-45.
 
227.  Boudrieau RJ, Rogers WA. Megaesophagus in the dog: a review of 50 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1985; 21:33-40.
 
228.  Reed DS, King LA, Lappin MR. Challenging cases in internal medicine: What's your diagnosis? [hypoadrencorticism, megaesophagus and urolithiasis in a dog]. Vet Med 1995; 90:228...238.
 
229.  Kornegay JN, Gorgacz EJ, Dawe DL, et al. Polymyositis in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1980; 176:431-438. - PubMed -
 
230.  Huxtable CR, Chadwick B, Eger C, et al. Severe subacute progressive myopathy in a young Silky Terrier. Prog Vet Neurol 1994; 5:21-27.
 
231.  Lifton SJ, King LG, Zerbe CA. Glucocorticoid deficient hypoadrenocorticism in dogs: 18 cases (1986- 1995). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996; 209:2076-2081. - PubMed -
 
232.  Holland CT, Canfield PJ, Watson AD, et al. Dyserythropoiesis, polymyopathy, and cardiac disease in three related English springer spaniels. J Vet Intern Med 1991; 5:151-159. - PubMed -
 
233.  Burtch M. Granulomatous meningitis caused by Coccidioides immitis in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998; 212:827-829. - PubMed -
 
234.  Venker-van Haagen AJ. Neural regulation of swallowing in the dog. Vet Q 1995; 17:S7.
 
235.  de Lahunta A. Veterinary Neuroanatomy and Clinical Neurology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 1983; 95-129. - Available from amazon.com -
 
236.  Higgs B, Kerr FW, Ellis FH, Jr. The experimental production of esophageal achalasia by electrolytic lesions in the medulla. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1965; 50:613-625.
 
237.  Clifford DH, Pirsch JG, Mauldin ML. Comparison of motor nuclei of the vagus nerve in dogs with and without oesophageal achalasia. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1973; 142:878-882.
 
238.  Clifford DH, Barboza PFT, Pirsch JG. The motor nuclei of the vagus nerve in cats with and without congenital achalasia of the oesophagus. Br Vet J 1980; 136:74-83.
 
239.  Knowles KE, O'Brien DP, Amann JF. Congenital idiopathic megaesophagus in a litter of Chinese Shar Peis: clinical, electrodiagnostic, and pathological findings. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1990; 26:313-318.
 
240.  Diamant N, Szczepanski M, Mui H. Idiopathic megaesophagus in the dog: reasons for spontaneous improvement and a possible method of medical therapy. Can Vet J 1974; 15:66-71.
 
241.  Tan BJ, Diamant NE. Assessment of the neural defect in a dog with idiopathic megaesophagus. Dig Dis Sci 1987; 32:76-85. - PubMed -
 
242.  Holland CT, Satchell PM, Farrow BRH. Vagal esophagomotor nerve function and esophageal motor performance in dogs with congenital idiopathic megaesophagus. Am J Vet Res 1996; 57:906-913. - PubMed -
 
243.  Rogers WA, Fenner WR, Sherding RG. Electromyographic and esophagomanometric findings in clinically normal dogs and in dogs with idiopathic megaesophagus. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1979; 174:181-183. - PubMed -
 
244.  Maddison JE, Allan GS. Megaesophagus attributable to lead toxicosis in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1990; 197:1357-1358. - PubMed -
 
245.  Bartges JW, Nielson DL. Reversible megaesophagus associated with atypical primary hypoadrenocorticism in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992; 201:889-891. - PubMed -
 
246.  Dieringer TM, Wolf AM. Esophageal hiatal hernia and megaesophagus complicating tetanus in two dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1991; 199:87-89. - PubMed -
 
247.  Zhang X, Tack J, Janssens J, et al. Effect of sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, on oesophageal peristalsis and lower oesophageal sphincter function in cats. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2001; 13:325-331. - PubMed -
 
248.  Chandra NC, McLeod CG, Jr., Hess JL. Nifedipine: a temporizing therapeutic option for the treatment of megaesophagus in adult dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1989; 25:175-179.
 
249.  Herrtage E, Houlton JE. Collapsing Clumber spaniels. Vet Rec 1979; 105:334.
 
250.  Griffiths IR, Duncan ID. Collapsing Clumber spaniels. Vet Rec 1979; 105:405.
 
251.  Houlton JE, Herrtage ME. Mitochondrial myopathy in the Sussex spaniel. Vet Rec 1980; 106:206.
 
252.  Jarvinen AK, Sankari S. Lactic acidosis in a Clumber spaniel. Acta Vet Scand 1996; 37:119-121.
 
253.  Shelton GD, van Ham L, Bhatti S, et al. Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency in Clumber and Sussex Spaniels in the United States. J Vet Intern Med 2000; 14:342.
 
254.  Breitschwerdt EB, Kornegay JN, Wheeler SJ, et al. Episodic weakness associated with exertional lactic acidosis and myopathy in old English Sheepdog littermates. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992; 201:731-736. - PubMed -
 
255.  Vijayasarathy C, Giger U, Prociuk U, et al. Canine mitochondrial myopathy associated with reduced mitochondrial mRNA and altered cytochrome c oxidase activities in fibroblasts and skeletal muscle. Comp Biochem A Physiol 1994; 109:887-894. - PubMed -
 
256.  Olby NJ, Chan KK, Targett MP, et al. Suspected mitochondrial myopathy in a Jack Russell terrier. J Small Anim Pract 1997; 38:213-216. - PubMed -
 
257.  Shelton GD. Exercise intolerance in dogs. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annu Meet Vet Med Forum, ACVIM 1993; 888-891.
 
258.  Toll PW, Gaehtgens P, Neuhaus D, et al. Fluid, electrolyte, and packed cell volume shifts in racing greyhounds. Am J Vet Res 1995; 56:227-232. - PubMed -
 
259.  Ilkiw JE, Davis PE, Church DB. Hematologic, biochemical, blood-gas, and acid-base values in greyhounds before and after exercise. Am J Vet Res 1989; 50:583-586. - PubMed -
 
260.  Rose RJ, Bloomberg MS. Responses to sprint exercise in the greyhound: effects on haematology, serum biochemistry and muscle metabolites. Res Vet Sci 1989; 47:212-218. - PubMed -
 
261.  Shelton GD, Nyhan WL, Kass PH, et al. Analysis of organic acids, amino acids, and carnitine in dogs with lipid storage myopathy. Muscle Nerve 1998; 21:1202-1205. - PubMed -
 
262.  Platt SR, Chrisman CL, Shelton GD. Lipid storage myopathy in a cocker spaniel. J Small Anim Pract 1999; 40:31-34. - PubMed -
 
263.  Wentink GH, Meijer AEFH, Linde-Sipman JSvd, et al. Myopathy in an Irish Terrier with a metabolic defect of the isolated mitochondria. Zentralblatt fur Veterinarmedizin 1974; 21A:62-74.
 
264.  Valentine BA, Cooper BJ, Cummings JF, et al. Canine X-linked muscular dystrophy: morphologic lesions. J Neurol Sci 1990; 97:1-23. - PubMed -
 
265.  Brenner O, de Lahunta A, Cummings JF, et al. A canine encephalomyelopathy with morphological abnormalities in mitochondria. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 1997; 94:390-397. - PubMed -
 
266.  Gascon GG, Ozand PT. Aminoacidopathies and organic acidopathies, mitochondrial enzyme defects, and other metabolic errors. In: Goetz C, Pappert E, eds. Textbook of Clinical Neurology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 2000; 583-613. - Available from amazon.com -
 
267.  Krag TO, Gyrd-Hansen M, Khurana TS. Harnessing the potential of dystrophin-related proteins for ameliorating Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. Acta Physiol Scand 2001; 171:349-358. - PubMed -
 
268.  Chung W, Campanelli JT. WW and EF hand domains of dystrophin-family proteins mediate dystroglycan binding. Mol Cell Biol Res Commun 1999; 2:162-171. - PubMed -
 
269.  Valentine BA, Winand NJ, Pradhan D, et al. Canine X-linked muscular dystrophy as an animal model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a review. Am J Med Genet 1992; 42:352-356. - PubMed -
 
270.  Cooper BJ, Winand NJ, Stedman H, et al. The homologue of the Duchenne locus is defective in X-linked muscular dystrophy of dogs. Nature, UK 1988; 334:154-156. - PubMed -
 
271.  Kornegay JN, Tuler SM, Miller DM, et al. Muscular dystrophy in a litter of golden retriever dogs. Muscle Nerve 1988; 11:1056-1064. - PubMed -
 
272.  Cooper BJ, Valentine BA, Wilson S, et al. Canine muscular dystrophy: confirmation of X-linked inheritance. J Hered 1988; 79:405-408. - PubMed -
 
273.  Sharp NJ, Kornegay JN, Van Camp SD, et al. An error in dystrophin mRNA processing in golden retriever muscular dystrophy, an animal homologue of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Genomics 1992; 13:115-121. - PubMed -
 
274.  Wilson LA, Cooper BJ, Dux L, et al. Expression of utrophin (dystrophin-related protein) during regeneration and maturation of skeletal muscle in canine X-linked muscular dystrophy. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 1994; 20:359-367. - PubMed -
 
275.  Prattis SM, Horton SB, Camp SDv, et al. Immunohistochemical detection of neural cell adhesion molecule and laminin in X-linked dystrophic dogs and mdx mice. J Comp Pathol 1994; 110:253-266. - PubMed -
 
276.  Valentine BA, Cooper BJ, Cummings JF, et al. Progressive muscular dystrophy in a Golden Retriever dog: light microscope and ultrastructural features at 4 and 8 months. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 1986; 71:301-310. - PubMed -
 
277.  Childers MK, Okamura CS, Bogan DJ, et al. Myofiber injury and regeneration in a canine homologue of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2001; 80:175-181. - PubMed -
 
278.  Cozzi F, Cerletti M, Luvoni GC, et al. Development of muscle pathology in canine X-linked muscular dystrophy. II. Quantitative characterization of histopathological progression during postnatal skeletal muscle development. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 2001; 101:469-478. - PubMed -
 
279.  Lanfossi M, Cozzi F, Bugini D, et al. Development of muscle pathology in canine X-linked muscular dystrophy. I. Delayed postnatal maturation of affected and normal muscle as revealed by myosin isoform analysis and utrophin expression. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 1999; 97:127-138. - PubMed -
 
280.  Valentine BA, Cooper BJ, DeLahunta A, et al. Canine X-linked muscular dystrophy. An animal model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy: clinical studies. J Neurol Sci 1988; 88:69-81. - PubMed -
 
281.  Sharp NJH, Kornegay JN, Lane SB. The muscular dystrophies. Semin Vet Med Surg (Small Anim) 1989; 4:133-140.
 
282.  Valentine BA, Blue JT, Cooper BJ. The effect of exercise on canine dystrophic muscle. Ann Neurol 1989; 26:588.
 
283.  McCully K, Giger U, Argov Z, et al. Canine X-linked muscular dystrophy studied with in vivo phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Muscle Nerve 1991; 14:1091-1098. - PubMed -
 
284.  Beltran WA, Chahory S, Gnirs K, et al. The electroretinographic phenotype of dogs with Golden Retriever muscular dystrophy. Vet Ophthalmol 2001; 4:277-282. - PubMed -
 
285.  Fletcher S, Ly T, Duff RM, et al. Cryptic splicing involving the splice site mutation in the canine model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2001; 11:239-243. - PubMed -
 
286.  Hoffman EP, Dressman D. Molecular pathophysiology and targeted therapeutics for muscular dystrophy. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2001; 22:465-470. - PubMed -
 
287.  O'Hara AJ, Howell JM, Taplin RH, et al. The spread of transgene expression at the site of gene construct injection. Muscle Nerve 2001; 24:488-495. - PubMed -
 
288.  Bartlett RJ, Stockinger S, Denis MM, et al. In vivo targeted repair of a point mutation in the canine dystrophin gene by a chimeric RNA/DNA oligonucleotide. Nat Biotechnol 2000; 18:615-622. - PubMed -
 
289.  Bartlett RJ, Winand NJ, Secore SL, et al. Mutation segregation and rapid carrier detection of X-linked muscular dystrophy in dogs. Am J Vet Res 1996; 57:650-654. - PubMed -
 
290.  Honeyman K, Carville KS, Howell JM, et al. Development of a snapback method of single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis for genotyping Golden Retrievers for the X-linked muscular dystrophy allele. Am J Vet Res 1999; 60:734-737. - PubMed -
 
291.  Cooper BJ, Valentine BA, Winand NJ, et al. Mosaicism for dystrophin in carriers of canine X-linked muscular dystrophy. In: Proceedings of the 40th Annu Meet, Am Coll Vet Pathol 1989; 138.
 
292.  Shelton GD, Liu LA, Guo LT, et al. Muscular dystrophy in female dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2001; 15:240-244. - PubMed -
 
293.  Winand N, Pradhan D, Cooper B. Molecular characterization of severe Duchenne-type dystrophy in a family of Rottweiler dogs. In: Proceedings of the Muscular Dystrophy Association 1994.
 
294.  Schatzberg SJ, Olby NJ, Breen M, et al. Molecular analysis of a spontaneous dystrophin "knockout" dog. Neuromuscul Disord 1999; 9:289-295. - PubMed -
 
295.  Wentink GH, Linde-Sipman JSvd, Meijer AEFH, et al. Myopathy with a possible recessive X-linked inheritance in a litter of Irish Terriers. Vet Pathol 1972; 9:328-349.
 
296.  van Ham LML, Desmidt M, Tshamala M, et al. Canine X-linked muscular dystrophy in Belgian Groenendaeler Shepherds. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1993; 29:570-574.
 
297.  Presthus J, Nordstoga K. Congenital myopathy in a litter of Samoyed dogs. Prog Vet Neurol 1993; 4:37-40.
 
298.  Paola JP, Podell M, Shelton GD. Muscular dystrophy in a Miniature Schnauzer. Prog Vet Neurol 1993; 4:14-18.
 
299.  van Ham LM, Roels SLMF, Hoorens JK. Congenital dystrophy-like myopathy in a Brittany Spaniel puppy. Prog Vet Neurol 1995; 6:135-138.
 
300.  Wetterman CA, Harkin KR, Cash WC, et al. Hypertrophic muscular dystrophy in a young dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2000; 216:878-881.
 
301.  Bergman RL, Inzana KD, Monroe WE, et al. Dystrophin-deficient muscular dystrophy in a Labrador retriever. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2002;38:255-261. - PubMed -
 
302.  Jones BR, Callanan JJ, Mooney CT, et al. Muscular dystrophy in Japanese Spitz dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2001; 15:290.
 
303.  Illa I. Distal myopathies. J Neurol 2000; 247:169-174. - PubMed -
 
304.  Matsuda C, Aoki M, Hayashi YK, et al. Dysferlin is a surface membrane-associated protein that is absent in Miyoshi myopathy. Neurology 1999; 53:1119-1122. - PubMed -
 
305.  Hanson SM, Smith MO, Walker TL, et al. Juvenile-onset distal myopathy in Rottweiler dogs. J Vet Intern Med 1998; 12:103-108. - PubMed -
 
306.  Vos JH, Linde-Sipman JSvd, Goedegebuure SA. Dystrophy-like myopathy in the cat. J Comp Pathol 1986; 96:335-341. - PubMed -
 
307.  Carpenter JL, Hoffman EP, Romanul FC, et al. Feline muscular dystrophy with dystrophin deficiency. Am J Pathol 1989; 135:909-919. - PubMed -
 
308.  Gaschen FP, Hoffman EP, Gorospe JR, et al. Dystrophin deficiency causes lethal muscle hypertrophy in cats. J Neurol Sci 1992; 110:149-159. - PubMed -
 
309.  Kohn B, Guscetti F, Waxenberger M, et al. Muscular dystrophy in a cat. Tierarztl Prax 1993; 21:451-457. - PubMed -
 
310.  Gaschen FP, Haugh PG, Swendrowski MA. Hypertrophic feline muscular dystrophy - a unique clinical expression of dystrophin deficiency. Feline Pract 1994; 22:23-27.
 
311.  Gaschen F, Burgunder JM. Changes of skeletal muscle in young dystrophin-deficient cats: a morphological and morphometric study. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 2001; 101:591-600. - PubMed -
 
312.  Gaschen F, Gaschen L, Seiler G, et al. Lethal peracute rhabdomyolysis associated with stress and general anesthesia in three dystrophin-deficient cats. Vet Pathol 1998; 35:117-123. - PubMed -
 
313.  Winand NJ, Edwards M, Pradhan D, et al. Deletion of the dystrophin muscle promoter in feline muscular dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 1994; 4:433-445. - PubMed -
 
314.  O'Brien DP, Johnson GC, Liu LA, et al. Laminin alpha 2 (merosin)-deficient muscular dystrophy and demyelinating neuropathy in two cats. J Neurol Sci 2001; 189:37-43. - PubMed -
 
315.  Braund KG. Endogenous causes of myopathies in dogs and cats. Vet Med 1997; 92:618...628.
 
316.  Braund KG. Idiopathic and exogenous causes of myopathies in dogs and cats. Vet Med 1997; 92:629-634.
 
317.  Podell M. Inflammatory myopathies. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2002; 32:147-167. - PubMed -
 
318.  Whitney JC. Eosinophilic myositis in dogs. Vet Rec 1955; 67:1140-1143.
 
319.  Brogdon JD, Brightman AH, McLaughlin SA. Diagnosing and treating masticatory myositis. Vet Med 1991; 86:1164...1170.
 
320.  Anderson JG, Harvey CE. Masticatory muscle myositis. J Vet Dent 1993; 10:6-8. - PubMed -
 
321.  Gilmour MA, Morgan RV, Moore FM. Masticatory myopathy in the dog: a retrospective study of 18 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1992; 28:300-306.
 
322.  Blomme EA, Piel MJ, Fouant MM, et al. What's your diagnosis? Bilateral head swelling in a male beagle. Masticatory muscle myositis (acute form). Lab Anim (NY) 2001; 30:23-25.
 
323.  Orvis JS, Cardinet GH, 3rd. Canine muscle fiber types and susceptibility of masticatory muscles to myositis. Muscle Nerve 1981; 4:354-359. - PubMed -
 
324.  Bubb WJ, Sims MH. Fiber type composition of rostral and caudal portions of the digastric muscle in the dog. Am J Vet Res 1986; 47:1834-1842. - PubMed -
 
325.  Shelton GD, Bandman E, Cardinet GH. Electrophoretic comparison of myosins from masticatory muscles and selected limb muscles in the dog. Am J Vet Res 1985; 46:493-498. - PubMed -
 
326.  Shelton GD, Cardinet GH, 3rd, Bandman E. Canine masticatory muscle disorders: a study of 29 cases. Muscle Nerve 1987; 10:753-766. - PubMed -
 
327.  Vilafranca M, Wohlsein P, Borras D, et al. Muscle fibre expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and latent transforming growth factor-beta binding protein in canine masticatory muscle myositis. J Comp Pathol 1995; 112:299-306. - PubMed -
 
328.  Vamvakidis CD, Koutinas AF, Kanakoudis G, et al. Masticatory and skeletal muscle myositis in canine leishmaniasis (Leishmania infantum). Vet Rec 2000; 146:698-703. - PubMed -
 
329.  Whitney JC. Atrophic myositis in a dog: the differentiation of this disease from eosinophilic myositis. Vet Rec 1957; 69:130-131.
 
330.  Delverdier M, Laugier S, Jeanjean S, et al. Atrophic myositis of the masticatory muscles in a dog; clinical and post mortem observations. [French]. Prat Med Chir Anim 1990; 25:137-142.
 
331.  Koutinas AF, Polizopoulou ZS, Saridomichelakis MN, et al. Clinical considerations on canine visceral leishmaniasis in Greece: a retrospective study of 158 cases (1989-1996). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1999; 35:376-383. - PubMed -
 
332.  de Lahunta A. Veterinary Neuroanatomy and Clinical Neurology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 1983; 53-94. - Available from amazon.com -
 
333.  Bartt R, Shannon KM. Autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. In: Goetz CG, Pappert EJ, eds. Textbook of Clinical Neurology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 1999; 1007-1034. - Available from amazon.com -
 
334.  Krum SH, Cardinet GH, 3rd, Anderson BC, et al. Polymyositis and polyarthritis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1977; 170:61-64. - PubMed -
 
335.  Aronsohn MG, Schunk KL, Carpenter JL, et al. Clinical and pathologic features of thymoma in 15 dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1984; 184:1355-1362. - PubMed -
 
336.  Aronsohn M. Canine thymoma. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1985; 15:755-767. - PubMed -
 
337.  Cain GR, Cardinet GH, 3rd, Cuddon PA, et al. Myasthenia gravis and polymyositis in a dog following fetal hematopoietic cell transplantation. Transplantation 1986; 41:21-25. - PubMed -
 
338.  Presthus J, Lindboe CF. Polymyositis in two German wirehaired pointer littermates. J Small Anim Pract 1988; 29:239-248.
 
339.  Scott DW, DeLahunta A. Eosinophilic polymyositis in a dog. Cornell Vet 1974; 64:47-56.
 
340.  Morozumi M, Oyama Y, Kurosu Y, et al. Immune-mediated polymyositis in a dog. J Vet Med Sci 1991; 53:511-512.
 
341.  Fischer A. What is your neurologic diagnosis? [Immune mediated or infectious polymyositis in a dog]. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1995; 207:41-43.
 
342.  Crickenberger GE. Polymyositis in the cat. Pulse 1982; 24:23-25.
 
343.  Carpenter JL, Holzworth J. Thymoma in 11 cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1982; 181:248-251. - PubMed -
 
344.  Carpenter JL, Schmidt GM, Moore FM, et al. Canine bilateral extraocular polymyositis. Vet Pathol 1989; 26:510-512.
 
345.  Mitra S. Eosinophilic myositis of the extraocular muscles. A case report. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Klientiere Heimtiere 1998; 26:336-340. - PubMed -
 
346.  Boydell P. Ultrasonographic appearance of extraocular myositis in the dog. In: Proceedings of the 14th Annu Symposium, ESVN 2000; 57.
 
347.  Allgoewer I, Blair M, Basher T, et al. Extraocular muscle myositis and restrictive strabismus in 10 dogs. Vet Ophthalmol 2000; 3:21-26. - PubMed -
 
348.  Hargis AM, Haupt KH, Prieur DJ, et al. A skin disorder in three Shetland sheepdogs: comparison with familial canine dermatomyositis of Collies. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 1985; 7:306-315.
 
349.  Hargis AM, Prieur DJ, Haupt KH, et al. Post-mortem findings in a Shetland sheepdog with dermatomyositis. Vet Pathol 1986; 23:509-511.
 
350.  Schmeitzel LP, Laratta LL, Braund KG, et al. Dermatomyositis in an Australian cattle dog. In: Proceedings of the 7th Annu Meet Am Coll Vet Dermatol 1991; 11.
 
351.  Hargis AM, Mundell AC. Familial canine dermatomyositis. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 1992; 14:855-864.
 
352.  White SD, Shelton GD, Sisson A, et al. Dermatomyositis in an adult Pembroke Welsh Corgi. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1992; 28:398-401.
 
353.  Guaguere E, Magnol JP, Cauzinille L, et al. Familial canine dermatomyositis in 8 Beauceron Shepherds. In: Proceedings of the Third World Congress of Veterinary Dermatology, 1998; 527.
 
354.  Ferguson EA, Cerundolo R, Lloyd DH, et al. Dermatomyositis in five Shetland sheepdogs in the United Kingdom. Vet Rec 2000; 146:214-217. - PubMed -
 
355.  Scott DW, Miller WH, Griffin CE. Muller & Kirk's Small Animal dermatology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 2001; 940-946. - Available from amazon.com -
 
356.  Hargis AM, Haupt KH. Review of familial canine dermatomyositis. Vet Ann 1990; 30:277-282.
 
357.  Lewis RM. Immune-mediated muscle disease. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1994; 24:703-710. - PubMed -
 
358.  Kunkle GA. Dermatomyositis: a disease with an infectious origin. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 1992; 14:866-871.
 
359.  Schmeitzel LP. Dermatomyositis: an immune-mediated disease with a link to canine lupus erythematosus. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 1992; 14:866-871.
 
360.  Hargis AM, Winkelstein JA, Moore MP, et al. Complement levels in dogs with familial canine dermatomyositis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1988; 20:95-100. - PubMed -
 
361.  Hargis AM, Moore MP, Riggs CT, et al. Severe secondary amyloidosis in a dog with dermatomyositis. J Comp Pathol 1989; 100:427-433. - PubMed -
 
362.  Liu SK, Dorfman HD. A condition resembling human localized myositis ossificans in two dogs. J Small Anim Pract 1976; 17:371-377.
 
363.  Norris AM, Pallett L, Wilcock B. Generalized myositis ossificans in a cat. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1980; 16:659-663.
 
364.  Waldron D, Pettigrew V, Turk M, et al. Progressive ossifying myositis in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1985; 187:64-65. - PubMed -
 
365.  Dillon EA. Traumatic myositis ossificans in a dog. N Z Vet J 1988; 36:152-153.
 
366.  Bone DL, McGavin MD. Myositis ossificans in the dog: a case report and review. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1985; 21:135-138.
 
367.  Schena CJ, Stickle RL, Dunstan RW, et al. Extraskeletal osteosarcoma in two dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1989; 194:1452-1456. - PubMed -
 
368.  Layton CE, Ferguson HR. Lameness associated with coxofemoral soft tissue masses in six dogs. Vet Surg 1987; 16:21-24. - PubMed -
 
369.  Warren HB, Carpenter JL. Fibrodysplasia ossificans in three cats. Vet Pathol 1984; 21:495-499. - PubMed -
 
370.  Aron DN, Rowland GN, Barber DL. Report of an unusual case of ectopic ossification and review of the literature. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1985; 21:819-829.
 
371.  Bradley WA. Fibrodysplasia ossificans in a Himalayan cat. Aus Vet Pract 1992; 22:154-158.
 
372.  Valentine BA, George C, Randolph JF, et al. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva in the cat. A case report. J Vet Intern Med 1992; 6:335-340. - PubMed -
 
373.  Mahboubi S, Glaser DL, Shore EM, et al. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. Pediatr Radiol 2001; 31:307-314. - PubMed -
 
374.  Guilliard MJ. Fibrodysplasia ossificans in a German shepherd dog. J Small Anim Pract 2001; 42:550-553. - PubMed -
 
375.  Slappendel RJ, Ferrer I. Leishmaniasis. In: Greene CE, ed. Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 1998; 450-458. - Available from amazon.com -
 
376.  Dubowitz V. Muscle biopsy. A practical approach. London: Baillière Tindall, 1985; 570-611.
 
377.  Poncelet L, Fontaine M, Balligand M. Polymyositis associated with Leptospira australis infection in a dog. Vet Rec 1991; 129:40.
 
378.  Griffiths IR, Duncan ID, McQueen A, et al. Neuromuscular disease in dogs: some aspects of its investigation and diagnosis. J Small Anim Pract 1973; 14:533-554.
 
379.  Seddon ML, Barry SJ. Clostridial myositis in dogs. Vet Rec 1992; 131:84.
 
380.  Mane MC, Vives MA, Barrera R, et al. A putative clostridial myositis in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 1992; 33:345-348.
 
381.  Poonacha KB, Donahue JM, Nightengale JR. Clostridial myositis in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1989; 194:69-70. - PubMed -
 
382.  Mansfield PD, Wilt GR, Powers RD. Clostridial myositis associated with an intrathoracic abscess in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1984; 184:1150-1151.
 
383.  Miller RA, McCain CS, Dixon D. Canine clostridial myositis. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 1983; 78:1065-1066.
 
384.  Cagienard B. Suspected clostridial myositis in a domestic cat. N Z Vet J 1982; 30:87.
 
385.  Poonacha KB, Donahue JM, Leonard WH. Clostridial myositis in a cat [C. chauvoei and C. septicum infection.]. Vet Pathol 1982; 19:217-219.
 
386.  Cooley AJ, Clemmons RM, Gross TL. Heartworm disease manifested by encephalomyelitis and myositis in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1987; 190:431-432. - PubMed -
 
387.  Buoro IBJ, Kanui TI, Atwell RB, et al. Polymyositis associated with Ehrlichia canis infection in two dogs. J Small Anim Pract 1990; 31:624-627.
 
388.  Lindberg R, Bornstein S, Landerholm A, et al. Canine trichinosis with signs of neuromuscular disease. J Small Anim Pract 1991; 32:194-197.
 
389.  Podell M, Chen E, Shelton GD. Feline immunodeficiency virus associated myopathy in the adult cat. Muscle Nerve 1998; 21:1680-1685. - PubMed -
 
390.  Sorjonen DC, Braund KG, Hoff EJ. Paraplegia and subclinical neuromyopathy associated with a primary lung tumor in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1982; 180:1209-1211.
 
391.  Giger U, Werner LL, Millichamp NJ, et al. Sulfadiazine-induced allergy in six Doberman pinschers. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1985; 186:479-484. - PubMed -
 
392.  Hoffman EP, Lehmann-Horn F, Rudel R. Overexcited or inactive: ion channels in muscle disease. Cell 1995; 80:681-686.
 
393.  Bryant SH. Myotonia in the goat. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1979; 317:314-325.
 
394.  Beck CL, Fahlke C, George AL, Jr. Molecular basis for decreased muscle chloride conductance in the myotonic goat. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:11248-11252. - PubMed -
 
395.  Hudson AJ, Ebers GC, Bulman DE. The skeletal muscle sodium and chloride channel diseases. Brain 1995; 118:547-563. - PubMed -
 
396.  Ptacek LJ. Channelopathies: ion channel disorders of muscle as a paradigm for paroxysmal disorders of the nervous system. Neuromuscul Disord 1997; 7:250-255. - PubMed -
 
397.  Wentink GH, Hartman W, Koeman JP. Three cases of myotonia in a family of chows. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd 1974; 99:729-731.
 
398.  Griffiths IR, Duncan ID. Myotonia in the dog: a report of four cases. Veterinary Record. 1973. 93: No.7, 184-188. 1973.
 
399.  Shires PK, Nafe LA, Hulse DA. Myotonia in a Staffordshire Terrier. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1983; 183:229-232.
 
400.  Farrow BRH, Malik R. Hereditary myotonia in the Chow Chow. J Small Anim Pract 1981; 22:451-465.
 
401.  Jones BR, Anderson LJ, Barnes GRG, et al. Myotonia in related Chow Chow dogs. N Z Vet J 1977; 25:217-220.
 
402.  Amann JF, Tomlinson J, Hankison JK. Myotonia in a chow chow. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1985; 187:415-417. - PubMed -
 
403.  Shores A, Redding RW, Braund KG, et al. Myotonia congenita in a Chow Chow pup. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1986; 188:532-533. - PubMed -
 
404.  Honhold N, Smith DA. Myotonia in the Great Dane. Vet Rec 1986; 119:162.
 
405.  Hill SL, Shelton GD, Lenehan TM. Myotonia in a cocker spaniel. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1995; 31:506-509. - PubMed -
 
406.  Vite CH, Cozzi F, Rich M, et al. Myotonic myopathy in a miniature Schnauzer: case report and data suggesting abnormal chloride conductance across the muscle membrane. J Vet Intern Med 1998; 12:394-397.
 
407.  Vite CH, Melniczek J, Patterson D, et al. Congenital myotonic myopathy in the miniature schnauzer: an autosomal recessive trait. J Hered 1999; 90:578-580. - PubMed -
 
408.  Rhodes TH, Vite CH, Giger U, et al. A missense mutation in canine C1C-1 causes recessive myotonia congenita in the dog. FEBS Lett 1999; 456:54-58. - PubMed -
 
409.  Toll J, Cooper B. Feline congenital myotonia. J Small Anim Pract 1998; 39:499.
 
410.  Toll J, Cooper B, Altschul M. Congenital myotonia in 2 domestic cats. J Vet Intern Med 1998; 12:116-119.
 
411.  Hickford FH, Jones BR, Gething MA, et al. Congenital myotonia in related kittens. J Small Anim Pract 1998; 39:281-285. - PubMed -
 
412.  McKerrell RE. Myotonia in man and animals: confusing comparisons. Equine Vet J 1987; 19:266-267.
 
413.  Poncelet L, Gilbert S, Snaps F, et al. A regional curare test for evaluation of myotonia in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 1992; 33:385-388.
 
414.  Vite CH. Myotonia and disorders of altered muscle cell membrane excitability. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2002; 32:169-187, vii. - PubMed -
 
415.  Simpson ST, Braund KG. Myotonic dystrophy-like disease in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1985; 186:495-498. - PubMed -
 
416.  Smith BF, Braund KG, Steiss JE, et al. Possible adult onset myotonic dystrophy in a boxer. J Vet Intern Med 1998; 12:120.
 
417.  Poncelet L, Fontaine J, Balligand M. Myotonia in two aged poodles. Vet Rec 1991; 128:599.
 
418.  Steiss JE, Braund KG, Clark EG. Neuromuscular effects of acute 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) exposure in dogs. J Neurol Sci 1987; 78:295-301. - PubMed -
 
419.  Beasley VR, Arnold EK, Lovell RA, et al. 2,4-D toxicosis. I. A pilot study of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid- and dicamba-induced myotonia in experimental dogs. Vet Hum Toxicol 1991; 33:435-440. - PubMed -
 
420.  Harrington ML, Moore MP, Talcott PA, et al. Suspected herbicide toxicosis in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996; 209:2085-2087. - PubMed -
 
421.  Dickow LM, Podell M, Gerken DF. Clinical effects and plasma concentration determination after 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 200 mg/kg administration in the dog. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2000; 38:747-753. - PubMed -
 
422.  Valentine BA, Kornegay JN, Cooper BJ. Clinical electromyographic studies of canine X-linked muscular dystrophy. Am J Vet Res 1989; 50:2145-2147. - PubMed -
 
423.  Ryan MM, Schnell C, Strickland CD, et al. Nemaline myopathy: a clinical study of 143 cases. Ann Neurol 2001; 50:312-320. - PubMed -
 
424.  Gurgel-Giannetti J, Reed U, Bang ML, et al. Nebulin expression in patients with nemaline myopathy. Neuromuscul Disord 2001; 11:154-162. - PubMed -
 
425.  Engel WK, Brooke MH, Nelson PG. Histochemical studies of denervated or tenotomized cat muscle: illustrating difficulties in relating experimental animal conditions to human neuromuscular diseases. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1966; 138:160-185.
 
426.  Yamaguchi M, Robson RM, Stromer MH, et al. Nemaline myopathy rod bodies. Structure and composition. J Neurol Sci 1982; 56:35-56. - PubMed -
 
427.  Cooper BJ, De Lahunta A, Gallagher EA, et al. Nemaline myopathy of cats. Muscle Nerve 1986; 9:618-625. - PubMed -
 
428.  Dubowitz V. Muscle biopsy. A Practical Approach. London: Baillière Tindall, 1985; 405-464.
 
429.  Imoto C, Nonaka I. The significance of type 1 fiber atrophy (hypotrophy) in childhood neuromuscular disorders. Brain Dev 2001; 23:298-302. - PubMed -
 
430.  Delauche AJ, Cuddon PA, Podell M, et al. Nemaline rods in canine myopathies: 4 case reports and literature review. J Vet Intern Med 1998; 12:424-430. - PubMed -
 
431.  Braund KG, McGuire JA, Lincoln CE. Observations on normal skeletal muscle of mature dogs: a cytochemical, histochemical, and morphometric study. Vet Pathol 1982; 19:577-595. - PubMed -
 
432.  Cardinet GH. Nemaline rods in neuromuscular disorders of the dog. Anat Histol Embryol 1984; 13:87.
 
433.  Wilson JS. Toxic myopathy in a dog associated with the presence of monensin in dry food. Can Vet J 1980; 21:30-31.
 
434.  Kaspar LV, Lombard LS. Nutritional myodegeneration in a litter of beagles. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1963; 143:284-288.
 
435.  Manktelow BW. Myopathy of dogs resembling white muscle disease of sheep. N Z Vet J 1963; 11:52-55.
 
436.  van Rensburg IBJ, Venning WJA. Nutritional myopathy in a dog. J S Afr Vet Assoc 1979; 50:119-121. - PubMed -
 
437.  Tvedten HW, Trapp AL. Myopathy in three dogs. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 1975; 70:63-66.
 
438.  Van Vleet JF. Current knowledge of selenium-vitamin E deficiency in domestic animals. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1980; 176:321-325.
 
439.  van Vleet JF. Experimentally induced vitamin E-selenium deficiency in the growing dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1975; 166:769-774. - PubMed -
 
440.  Aktas M, Auguste D, Lefebvre HP, et al. Creatine kinase in the dog: a review. Vet Res Commun 1993; 17:353-369. - PubMed -
 
441.  Green PD, Lemckert JWH. Vitamin E and selenium responsive myocardial degeneration in dogs. Can Vet J 1977; 18:290-291.
 
442.  Dennis JM, Alexander RW. Nutritional myopathy in a cat. Vet Rec 1982; 111:195-196. - PubMed -
 
443.  Shelton GD. Myasthenia gravis and disorders of neuromuscular transmission. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2002; 32:189-206.
 
444.  Shelton GD, Ho M, Kass PH. Risk factors for acquired myasthenia gravis in cats: 105 cases (1986- 1998). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2000; 216:55-57.
 
445.  Shelton GD. Acquired myasthenia gravis: what we have learned from experimental and spontaneous animal models. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1999; 69:239-249.
 
446.  Shelton GD, Schule A, Kass PH. Analysis of risk factors for acquired myasthenia in dogs. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998; 841:587-591.
 
447.  Dewey CW, Bailey CS, Shelton GD, et al. Clinical forms of acquired myasthenia gravis in dogs: 25 cases (1988- 1995). J Vet Intern Med 1997; 11:50-57.
 
448.  Shelton GD, Schule A, Kass PH. Risk factors for acquired myasthenia gravis in dogs: 1,154 cases (1991- 1995). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997; 211:1428-1431.
 
449.  Pflugfelder CM, Cardinet GH, 3rd, Lutz H, et al. Acquired canine myasthenia gravis: immunocytochemical localization of immune complexes at neuromuscular junctions. Muscle Nerve 1981; 4:289-295.
 
450.  Lennon VA, Palmer AC, Pflugfelder C, et al. Myasthenia gravis in dogs: acetylcholine receptor deficiency with and without anti-receptor antibodies. In: Rose NR, Bigazzi PE, Warner NL, eds. Genetic Control of Autoimmune Diseases. New York: Elsevier-North Holland, 1978; 295-306.
 
451.  Shelton GD, Skeie GO, Kass PH, et al. Titin and ryanodine receptor autoantibodies in dogs with thymoma and late-onset myasthenia gravis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2001; 78:97-105.
 
452.  Shelton GD, Cardinet GH, Lindstrom JM. Canine and human myasthenia gravis autoantibodies recognize similar regions on the acetylcholine receptor. Neurology 1988; 38:1417-1423.
 
453.  Indrieri RJ, Creighton SR, Lambert EH, et al. Myasthenia gravis in two cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1983; 182:57-60.
 
454.  Joseph RJ, Carrillo JM, Lennon VA. Myasthenia gravis in the cat. J Vet Intern Med 1988; 2:75-79.
 
455.  Cuddon PA. Acquired immune-mediated myasthenia gravis in a cat. J Small Anim Pract 1989; 30:511-516.
 
456.  Scott-Moncrieff JC, Cook JR, Jr., Lantz GC. Acquired myasthenia gravis in a cat with thymoma. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1990; 196:1291-1293.
 
457.  O'Dair HA, Holt PE, Pearson GR, et al. Acquired immune-mediated myasthenia gravis in a cat associated with a cystic thymus. J Small Anim Pract 1991; 32:198-202.
 
458.  Richman DP, Agius MA. Acquired myasthenia gravis. Immunopathology. Neurol Clin 1994; 12:273-284.
 
459.  Bartt R, Shannon KM. Autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. In: Goetz CG, Pappert EJ, eds. Textbook of clinical neurology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 1999; 1007-1034.
 
460.  Weller RO, Cumming WJK, Mahon M. Diseases of muscle. In: Graham DI, Lantos PL, eds. Greenfield's neuropathology. 6th ed. London: Arnold, 1997; 489-581.
 
461.  Drachman DB. Myasthenia gravis. N Engl J Med 1994; 330:1797-1810.
 
462.  Hall GA, Howell JM, Lewis DG. Thymoma with myasthenia gravis in a dog. J Pathol 1972; 108:177-180.
 
463.  Palmer AC. Myasthenia gravis. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1980; 10:213-221.
 
464.  Oosterhout ICAMv, Teske E, Vos JH, et al. A case of myasthenia gravis and thymoma in a cat. Eur J Companion Anim Pract 1991; 1:49-51.
 
465.  Gores BR, Berg J, Carpenter JL, et al. Surgical treatment of thymoma in cats: 12 cases (1987-1992). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1994; 204:1782-1785.
 
466.  Aronsohn MG, Schunk KL, Carpenter JL, et al. Clinical and pathologic features of thymoma in 15 dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1984; 184:1355-1362.
 
467.  Poffenbarger E, Klausner JS, Caywood DD. Acquired myasthenia gravis in a dog with thymoma: a case report. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1985; 21:119-124.
 
468.  Atwater SW, Powers BE, Park RD, et al. Thymoma in dogs: 23 cases (1980-1991). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1994; 205:1007-1013.
 
469.  Hackett TB, Van Pelt DR, Willard MD, et al. Third degree atrioventricular block and acquired myasthenia gravis in four dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1995; 206:1173-1176.
 
470.  Lainesse MF, Taylor SM, Myers SL, et al. Focal myasthenia gravis as a paraneoplastic syndrome of canine thymoma: improvement following thymectomy. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1996; 32:111-117.
 
471.  Rusbridge C, White RN, Elwood CM, et al. Treatment of acquired myasthenia gravis associated with thymoma in two dogs. J Small Anim Pract 1996; 37:376-380.
 
472.  Kuntz CA. Thoracic surgical oncology. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 1998; 13:47-52.
 
473.  Wood SL, Rosenstein DS, Bebchuk T. Myasthenia gravis and thymoma in a dog. Vet Rec 2001; 148:573-574.
 
474.  Day MJ. Review of thymic pathology in 30 cats and 36 dogs. J Small Anim Pract 1997; 38:393-403.
 
475.  Shelton GD. Myasthenia gravis: lessons from the past 10 years. J Small Anim Pract 1998; 39:368-372.
 
476.  Kao I, Drachman DB. Myasthenic immunoglobulin accelerates acetylcholine receptor degradation. Science 1977; 196:527-529.
 
477.  Wekerle H, Hohlfeld R, Ketelsen UP, et al. Thymic myogenesis, T-lymphocytes and the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1981; 377:455-476.
 
478.  Mygland A, Vincent A, Newsom-Davis J, et al. Autoantibodies in thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis with myositis or neuromyotonia. Arch Neurol 2000; 57:527-531.
 
479.  Mygland A, Aarli JA, Matre R, et al. Ryanodine receptor antibodies related to severity of thymoma associated myasthenia gravis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1994; 57:843-846.
 
480.  Gores BR, Berg J, Carpenter JL, et al. Surgical treatment of thymoma in cats: 12 cases (1987-1992). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1994; 204:1782-1785.
 
481.  Krotje LJ, Fix AS, Potthoff AD. Acquired myasthenia gravis and cholangiocellular carcinoma in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1990; 197:488-490.
 
482.  Moore AS, Madewell BR, Cardinet GH, 3rd, et al. Osteogenic sarcoma and myasthenia gravis in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1990; 197:226-227.
 
483.  Ridyard AE, Rhind SM, French AT, et al. Myasthenia gravis associated with cutaneous lymphoma in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 2000; 41:348-351.
 
484.  Cain GR, Cardinet GH, 3rd, Cuddon PA, et al. Myasthenia gravis and polymyositis in a dog following fetal hematopoietic cell transplantation. Transplantation 1986; 41:21-25.
 
485.  Dewey CW, Shelton GD, Bailey CS, et al. Neuromuscular dysfunction in five dogs with acquired myasthenia gravis and presumptive hypothyroidism. Prog Vet Neurol 1995; 6:117-123.
 
486.  Shelton GD, Joseph R, Richter KP, et al. Acquired myasthenia gravis in hyperthyroid cats on tapezole therapy. J Vet Intern Med 1997; 11:120.
 
487.  Kuroda Y, Endo C, Neshige R, et al. Exacerbation of myasthenia gravis shortly after administration of methimazole for hyperthyroidism. Jpn J Med 1991; 30:578-581.
 
488.  Lipsitz D, Berry JL, Shelton GD. Inherited predisposition to myasthenia gravis in Newfoundlands. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999; 215:956-958, 946.
 
489.  Shelton GD, Willard MD, Cardinet GH, 3rd, et al. Acquired myasthenia gravis. Selective involvement of esophageal, pharyngeal, and facial muscles. J Vet Intern Med 1990; 4:281-284.
 
490.  Yam PS, Shelton GD, Simpson JW. Megaoesophagus secondary to acquired myasthenia gravis. J Small Anim Pract 1996; 37:179-183.
 
491.  Webb AA, Taylor SM, McPhee L. Focal myasthenia gravis in a dog. Can Vet J 1997; 38:493-495.
 
492.  Holland CT, Shelton GD, Satchell PM, et al. Antibodies to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in dogs with megaoesophagus. Aust Vet J 1994; 71:221-222.
 
493.  King LG, Vite CH. Acute fulminating myasthenia gravis in five dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998; 212:830-834.
 
494.  Malik R, Gabor L, Hunt GB, et al. Benign cranial mediastinal lesions in three cats. Aust Vet J 1997; 75:183-187.
 
495.  Moses L, Harpster NK, Beck KA, et al. Esophageal motility dysfunction in cats: a study of 44 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2000; 36:309-312.
 
496.  Darke PGG, McCullagh KG, Geldart PH. Myasthenia gravis, thymoma and myositis in a dog. Veterinary Record. 1975; 97:392-394.
 
497.  Carpenter JL, Holzworth J. Thymoma in 11 cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1982; 181:248-251.
 
498.  Bellah JR, Stiff ME, Russell RG. Thymoma in the dog: two case reports and review of 20 additional cases. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1983; 183:306-311.
 
499.  Yoshioka T, Uzuka Y, Tanabe S, et al. Molecular cloning of the canine nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha- subunit gene and development of the ELISA method to diagnose myasthenia gravis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1999; 72:315-324.
 
500.  Cuddon PA. Acquired immune mediated myasthenia gravis in a cat. J Small Anim Pract 1989; 30:511-516.
 
501.  Dewey CW, Coates JR, Ducote JM, et al. Azathioprine therapy for acquired myasthenia gravis in five dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1999; 35:396-402.
 
502.  Bartges JW, Klausner JS, Bostwick EF, et al. Clinical remission following plasmapheresis and corticosteroid treatment in a dog with acquired myasthenia gravis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1990; 196:1276-1278.
 
503.  Palmer AC, Goodyear JV. Congenital myasthenia in the Jack Russell terrier. Vet Rec 1978; 103:433-434.
 
504.  Palmer AC, Lennon VA, Beadle C, et al. Autoimmune form of myasthenia gravis in a juvenile Yorkshire Terrier X Jack Russell Terrier hybrid contrasted with congenital (non-autoimmune) myasthenia gravis of the Jack Russell. J Small Anim Pract 1980; 21:359-364.
 
505.  Johnson RP, Watson AD, Smith J, et al. Myasthenia in Springer Spaniel littermates. J Small Anim Pract 1975; 16:641-647.
 
506.  Miller LM, Lennon VA, Lambert EH, et al. Congenital myasthenia gravis in 13 smooth fox terriers. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1983; 182:694-697.
 
507.  Joseph RJ, Carrillo JM, Lennon VA. Myasthenia gravis in the cat. J Vet Intern Med 1988; 2:75-79.
 
508.  Taboada J, Merchant SR. Challenging cases in internal medicine: what's your diagnosis. Vet Med 1990; 85:932...950.
 
509.  Wallace ME, Palmer AC. Recessive mode of inheritance in myasthenia gravis in the Jack Russell terrier. Vet Rec 1984; 114:350.
 
510.  Miller LM, Hegreberg GA, Prieur DJ, et al. Inheritance of congenital myasthenia gravis in smooth fox terrier dogs. J Hered 1984; 75:163-166.
 
511.  Wilkes MK, McKerrell RE, Patterson RC, et al. Ultrastructure of motor endplates in canine congenital myasthenia gravis. J Comp Pathol 1987; 97:247-256.
 
512.  Oda K, Lambert EH, Lennon VA, et al. Congenital canine myasthenia gravis: I. Deficient junctional acetylcholine receptors. Muscle Nerve 1984; 7:705-716.
 
513.  Oda K, Lennon VA, Lambert EH, et al. Congenital canine myasthenia gravis: II. Acetylcholine receptor metabolism. Muscle Nerve 1984; 7:717-724.
 
514.  Flagstad A, Trojaborg W, Gammeltoft S. Congenital myasthenic syndrome in the dog breed Gammel Dansk Honsehund: clinical, electrophysiological, pharmacological and immunological comparison with acquired myasthenia gravis. Acta Vet Scand 1989; 30:89-102.
 
515.  Flagstad A. Development of the electrophysiological pattern in congenital myasthenic syndrome. Prog Vet Neurol 1993; 4:126-134.
 
516.  Rose M, Griggs R. Inherited muscle, neuromuscular, and neuronal disorders. In: Goetz CG, Pappert EJ, eds. Textbook of clinical neurology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1999; 719-730.
 
517.  Smith SA, Tobias AH, Jacob KA, et al. Arterial thromboembolism in cats: Acute crisis in 127 cases (1992-2001) and long-term management with low-dose aspirin in 24 cases. J Vet Intern Med 2003; 17:73-83. - PubMed -
 
518.  Bennett D, Kelly DF. Immune-base non-erosive inflammatory joint disease of the dog. 2. Polyarthritis/polymyositis syndrome. J Small Anim Pract 1987; 28:891-908.
 
519.  Webb AA, Taylor SM, Muir GD. Steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis in dogs with noninfectious, nonerosive, idiopathic, immune-mediated polyarthritis. J Vet Intern Med 2002; 16:269-273. - PubMed -
 
520.  Bley T, Gaillard C, Bilzer T, et al. Genetic aspects of Labrador Retriever myopathy. Res Vet Sci 2002;73:231-236. - PubMed -
 
521.  Blot S, Tiret L, Thibaud J-L, et al. Phenotypic and genetic analysis of a canine centronuclear-like myopathy. In: Proceedings of ESVN, 15th Annu Sympo 2002.
 
522.  Blot S, Carelle N, Beroud C, et al. A new canine model of dystrophinopathy in a Labrador Retriever strain. In: Proceedings of ESVN, 15th Annu Sympo 2002.
 
523.  Escriou C, Blot S, Dreyfus P. Effects of nitric oxide donors on utrophin synthesis in Golden Retriever muscular dystrophy. A clinical, biochemical and histochemical study. In: Proceedings of ESVN, 15th Annu Sympo 2002.
 
524.  Siliart B, Marouze C, Martin L, et al. Pseudomyotonia associated with hyperadrenocorticism in the French Poodle: 151 clinical cases (1993-2000). In: Proceedings of the12th ECVIM-CA/ESVIM Congress 2002; 184.
 
525.  Kopp A, Matiasek K, Fischer A. Electrodiagnostic characterisation of the neuromuscular manifestations in canine hyperadrenocorticism. In: Proceedings of ESVN 15th Annu Sympo 2002.
 
526.  Escriou C, Avril-Delplanque A, Thibaud J-L, et al. Bone marrow derived stem cell transplantation restores dystrophin expression in Golden Retriever muscular dystrophy. In: Proceedings of ESVN 15th Annu Sympo 2002.
 
527.  Nguyen F, Cherel Y, Guigand L, et al. Muscle lesions associated with dystrophin deficiency in neonatal golden retriever puppies. J Comp Pathol 2002;126:100-108. - PubMed -
 
528.  Passerini L, Bernasconi P, Baggi F, et al. Fibrogenic cytokines and extent of fibrosis in muscle of dogs with X-linked golden retriever muscular dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2002;12:828-835. - PubMed -
 
529.  Beltran WA, Chahory S, Gnirs K, et al. The electroretinographic phenotype of dogs with Golden Retriever muscular dystrophy. Vet Ophthalmol 2001;4:277-282. - PubMed -
 
530.  Rando TA. Oligonucleotide-mediated gene therapy for muscular dystrophies. Neuromuscul Disord 2002;12 Suppl 1:S55-60. - PubMed -
 
531.  Romi F, Bo L, Skeie GO, et al. Titin and ryanodine receptor epitopes are expressed in cortical thymoma along with costimulatory molecules. J Neuroimmunol 2002;128:82-89. - PubMed -
 
532.  Baneth G, Mathew JS, Shkap V, et al. Canine hepatozoonosis: two disease syndromes caused by separate Hepatozoon spp. Trends Parasitol 2003;19:27-31. - PubMed -
 
533.  Haburjak JJ, Spangler WL. Isoniazid-induced seizures with secondary rhabdomyolysis and associated acute renal failure in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 2002;43:182-186. - PubMed -
 
534.  Uchida K, Awamura Y, Nakamura T, et al. Thymoma and multiple thymic cysts in a dog with acquired myasthenia gravis. J Vet Med Sci 2002;64:637-640. - PubMed -
 
535.  DiBartola SP. c. J Feline Med Surg 2001;3:181-183.
 
536.  Hopper K, Beck C, Slocombe R. Megaoesophagus in adult dogs secondary to Australian tiger snake envenomation. Aust Vet J 2001;79:672-675. - PubMed -
 
537.  Huber E, Armbrust W, Forster JL, et al. Resolution of megaesophagus after treatment of concurrent hypothyroidism in a dog. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 2001;143:512-514. - PubMed -
 
538.  Holland CT, Satchell PM, Farrow BR. Selective vagal afferent dysfunction in dogs with congenital idiopathic megaoesophagus. Auton Neurosci 2002;99:18-23. - PubMed -
 
539.   Panciera DL. Conditions associated with canine hypothyroidism. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2001;31:935-950. - PubMed -

 
 
footer