International Veterinary Information Service 

Expand Window  Reduce Window  Print  Close Window

spacer

In:  Clinical Neurology in Small Animals - Localization, Diagnosis and Treatment.  K. G. Braund (Ed.)

Publisher:  International Veterinary Information Service, Ithaca, New York, USA.

Degenerative and Compressive Structural Disorders
K. G. Braund

References

 
1.  Calcinosis circumscripta and tumoral calcinosis.In: Anderson DM, Keith J, Novak PD, et al, eds. Dorland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary. 28th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 1988; 246.
 
2.  Spjut HJ, Dorfman HD, Fechner RE, et al. Tumoral calcinosis. Tumors of bone and cartilage. Washington: AFIP, 2nd series, Fascicle 5, 1970; 423-428.
 
3.  Scott DW, Miller WH, Griffin CE. Muller & Kirk's Small Animal dermatology. 6th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 2001; 1400-1401.
 
4.  Liu S-K. Tumors of bone and cartilage. In: Bojrab MJ, Smeak DD and Bloomberg MS, eds. Disease mechanisms in small animal surgery. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1993; 923-925. - Available from amazon.com -
 
5.  Pool RR. Tumoral calcinosis. In: Moulton JE, ed. Tumors in domestic animals. 3rd ed. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990; 123-125. - Available from amazon.com -
 
6.  Kowalewich N, Hawkins EC. Calcinosis circumscripta involving the metatarsal region in a dog with chronic renal failure. Can Vet J 1992; 33:465-466.
 
7.  Scott DW, Buerger RG. Idiopathic calcinosis circumscripta in the dog: a retrospective analysis of 130 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1988; 24:651-658.
 
8.  Roudebush P, Maslin WR, Cooper RC. Canine tumoral calcinosis. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 1988; 10:1162-1163.
 
9.  Stampley A, Bellah JR. Calcinosis circumscripta of the metacarpal pad in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1990; 196:113-114. - PubMed -
 
10.  Joffe DJ. Calcinosis circumscripta in the footpad of a dog. Can Vet J 1996; 37:161-162.
 
11.  Morgan PW, Cockshutt J. What is your diagnosis? [Tumoral calcinosis in dog]. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1993; 203:969-970.
 
12.  Berrocal A, Tjalsma EJ, Koeman JP. Calcinosis circumscripta in two cats. Feline Pract 1992; 20:9-12.
 
13.  Croom AL, Houston DM. Hyperphosphatemic tumoral calcinosis in a young dog with renal failure. Can Vet J 1994; 35:438-440.
 
14.  Komori S, Washizu M. Metastatic calcinosis circumscripta treated with an oral charcoal absorbent in a dog. J Vet Med Sci 2001; 63:913-916. - PubMed -
 
15.  Kirby BM, Knoll JS, Manley PA, et al. Calcinosis circumscripta associated with polydioxanone suture in two young dogs. Vet Surg 1989; 18:216-220. - PubMed -
 
16.  Ginel P, Perez J, Rivas R, et al. Calcinosis circumscripta associated with medroxyprogesterone in two Poodle bitches. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1992; 28:391-394.
 
17.  Ginel PJ, Lopez R, Rivas R, et al. A further case of medroxyprogesterone acetate associated with calcinosis circumscripta in the dog. Vet Rec 1995; 136:44-45.
 
18.  Davidson EB, Schulz KS, Wisner ER, et al. Calcinosis circumscripta of the thoracic wall in a German shepherd dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1998; 34:153-156. - PubMed -
 
19.  O'Brien CR, Wilkie JS. Calcinosis circumscripta following an injection of proligestone in a Burmese cat. Aust Vet J 2001; 79:187-189. - PubMed -
 
20.  Gardner DE, Alley MR, Wyburn RS, et al. Calcinosis circumscripta-like lesions in dogs associated with the use of choke chains. N Z Vet J 1975; 23:95-97.
 
21.  Jacobson LS, Kirberger RM. Canine multiple cartilaginous exostoses: unusual manifestations and a review of the literature. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1996; 32:45-51. - PubMed -
 
22.  Guilliard MJ. Fibrodysplasia ossificans in a German shepherd dog. J Small Anim Pract 2001; 42:550-553. - PubMed -
 
23.  Lewis DG, Kelly DF. Calcinosis circumscripta in dogs as a cause of spinal ataxia. J Small Anim Pract 1990; 31:35-37.
 
24.  Marks SL, Bellah JR, Wells M. Resolution of quadriparesis caused by cervical tumoral calcinosis in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1991; 27:72-76.
 
25.  McEwan JD, Thomson C, Sullivan M, et al. Thoracic spinal calcinosis circumscripta causing cord compression in two German shepherd dog littermates. Vet Rec 1992; 130:575-578. - PubMed -
 
26.  van Ham LM, Bree HJv, Tshamala M, et al. Use of computed tomography and computed tomographic myelography for assessment of spinal tumoral calcinosis in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1995; 36:115-118.
 
27.  Corlazzoli DS, Marinucci AMT, Degna MT. Tumoral calcinosis at the atlantoaxial joint causing a neurological impairment: a case report in a dog. [Italian]. Veterinaria (Cremona) 1997; 11:101-104.
 
28.  Flo GL, Tvedten H. Cervical calcinosis circumscripta in three related Great Dane dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1975; 11:507-510.
 
29.  Bichsel P, Lang J, Vandevelde M, et al. Solitary cartilaginous exostoses associated with spinal cord compression in three large-breed dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1985; 21:619-622.
 
30.  Bhatti S, van Ham L, Putcuyps I, et al. Atlantoaxial exostosis causing spinal cord compression in a mature Bernese mountain dog. J Small Anim Pract 2001; 42:79-81. - PubMed -
 
31.  McKee WM, Lavelle RB, Richardson JL, et al. Vertebral distraction-fusion for cervical spondylopathy using a screw and double washer technique. J Small Anim Pract 1990; 31:21-26.
 
32.  Burbidge HM, Pfeiffer DU, Blair HT. Canine wobbler syndrome: a study of the Dobermann Pinscher in New Zealand. N Z Vet J 1994; 42:221-228.
 
33.  Lewis DG. Radiological assessment of the cervical spine of the Dobermann with reference to cervical spondylomyelopathy. J Small Anim Pract 1991; 32:75-82.
 
34.  McKee WM, SJ B, HW S. Management of cervical spondylopathy-associated intervertebral disc protrusions using metal washers in 78 dogs. J Small Anim Pract 1999; 40:465-472. - PubMed -
 
35.  Lewis DG. Cervical spondylomyelopathy ("wobbler" syndrome) in the dog: a study based on 224 cases. J Small Anim Pract 1989; 30:657-665.
 
36.  Read RA, Robins GM, Carlisle CH. Caudal cervical spondylo-myelopathy (wobbler syndrome) in the dog: a review of thirty cases. J Small Anim Pract 1983; 24:605-621.
 
37.  de Lahunta A. Veterinary Neuroanatomy and Clinical Neurology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 1983; 199-204. - Available from amazon.com -
 
38.  Selcer RR, Oliver JE, Jr. Cervical spondylopathy-wobbler syndrome in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1975; 11:175-179.
 
39.  Mason TA. Cervical vertebral instability (wobbler syndrome) in the dog. Vet Rec 1979; 104:142-145. - PubMed -
 
40.  Hazewinkel HAW. Nutrition in relation to skeletal growth deformities. J Small Anim Pract 1989; 30:625-630.
 
41.  Teare JA, Hintz HF, Krook L. Rapid growth and skeletal disease in dogs. In: Proceedings of the Cornell Nutritional Conf (Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews, B 52, 1508) 1980; 126-130.
 
42.  Hedhammer A, Wu F, Krook L, et al. Over-nutrition and skeletal disease. An experimental study in growing Great Dane dogs. Cornell Vet 1974; 64:58-64.
 
43.  VanGundy T. Canine wobbler syndrome. Part 1. Pathophysiology and diagnosis. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 1989; 11:144-157.
 
44.  Wright J. The use of sagittal diameter measurements in the diagnosis of cervical spinal stenosis. J Small Anim Pract 1979; 20:331-344.
 
45.  McKee WM, Lavelle RB, Mason TA. Vertebral stabilisation for cervical spondylopathy using a screw and washer technique. J Small Anim Pract 1989; 30:337-342.
 
46.  Seim H, Withrow S. Pathophysiology and diagnosis of caudal cervical spondylo-myelopathy with emphasis on the Doberman Pinscher. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1982; 18:241-251.
 
47.  Sharp NJH, Cofone M, Robertson ID, et al. Computed tomography in the evaluation of caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy of the Doberman Pinscher. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1995; 36:100-108.
 
48.  Wright F, Rest JR, Palmer AC. Ataxia of the Great Dane caused by stenosis of the cervical vertebral canal: comparison with similar conditions in the Basset Hound, Doberman Pinscher, Ridgeback and the Thoroughbred horse. Veterinary Record 1973; 92:1-6.
 
49.  VanGundy TE. Disc-associated wobbler syndrome in the Doberman pinscher. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1988; 18:667-696. - PubMed -
 
50.  Olsson SE, Stavenborn M, Hoppe F. Dynamic compression of the cervical spinal cord. A myelographic and pathologic investigation in Great Dane dogs. Acta Vet Scand 1982; 23:65-78.
 
51.  Bruecker KA, Seim HB, Blass CE. Ventral decompression and stabilization using Steinmann pins and polymethyl methacrylate for the treatment of caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy: results of 39 cases. Vet Surg 1988; 17:1,31.
 
52.  Bruecker KA, Seim HB, Blass CE. Caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy: decompression by linear traction and stabilization with Steinmann pins and polymethyl methacrylate. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1989; 25:677-683.
 
53.  Bruecker KA, Seim HB, Withrow SJ. Clinical evaluation of three surgical methods for treatment of caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy of dogs. Vet Surg 1989; 18:197-203. - PubMed -
 
54.  Bruecker KA, Seim HB, Withrow SJ. Ventral decompression and lubra-plate stabilization for the treatment of caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy: results of 37 cases. Vet Surg 1987; 16:84-85.
 
55.  Dixon BC, Tomlinson JL, Kraus KH. Modified distraction-stabilization technique using an interbody polymethyl methacrylate plug in dogs with caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996; 208:61-68. - PubMed -
 
56.  Ellison GW, Seim HB, Clemmons RM. Distracted cervical spinal fusion for management of caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy in large-breed dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1988; 193:447-453. - PubMed -
 
57.  Goring RL, Beale BS, Faulkner RF. The inverted cone decompression technique: a surgical treatment for cervical vertebral instability "Wobbler syndrome" in Doberman Pinschers. Part 1. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1991; 27:403-409.
 
58.  Rusbridge C, Wheeler SJ, Torrington AM, et al. Comparison of two surgical techniques for the management of cervical spondylomyelopathy in dobermanns. J Small Anim Pract 1998; 39:425-431.  - PubMed -
 
59.  Adamo PF, Cherubini GB, Mocavero A, et al. Short and long term results in eight cases of caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy by using an interbody methylmethacrylate plug. In: Proceedings of the 14th Annu Symposium, ESVN 2000; 38.
 
60.  Wilson ER, Aron DN, Roberts RE. Observation of a secondary compressive lesion after treatment of caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1994; 205:1297-1299. - PubMed -
 
61.  Boydell P. Horner's syndrome following cervical spinal surgery in the dog. J Small Anim Pract 1995; 36:510-512. - PubMed -
 
62.  Lewis DD, Hosgood G. Complications associated with the use of iohexol for myelography of the cervical vertebral column in dogs: 66 cases (1988-1990). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992; 200:1381-1384.  - PubMed -
 
63.  VanGundy T. Canine wobbler syndrome. Part II. Treatment. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 1989; 11:269...284.
 
64.  Seim HB. Wobbler syndrome in the Doberman pinscher. Canine Practice 1994; 19:23-26.
 
65.  Palmer A, Wallace M. Deformation of cervical vertebrae in bassett hounds. Vet Rec 1967; 80:430.
 
66.  Jaggy A, Gaillard C, Lang J, et al. Hereditary cervical spondylopathy (wobbler syndrome) in the Borzoi dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1988; 24:453-460.
 
67.  Bray JP, Burbidge HM. The canine intervertebral disk: part one: structure and function. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1998; 34:55-63. - PubMed -
 
68.  Braund KG. Canine intervertebral disk disease. In: Bojrab MJ, ed. Pathophysiology in Small Animal Surgery. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1981; 739-746. - Available from amazon.com -
 
69.  Braund KG. Intervertebral disk disease. In: Kornegay JN, ed. Neurologic Disorders: Contemporary Issues in Small Animal Practice. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1986; 21-39. - Available from amazon.com -
 
70.  Braund KG, Ghosh P, Taylor TK, et al. Morphological studies of the canine intervertebral disc. The assignment of the beagle to the achondroplastic classification. Res Vet Sci 1975; 19:167-172. - PubMed -
 
71.  Hansen H-J. A pathologic-anatomical study on disc degeneration in the dog. Acta Orthop Scand 1952; suppl 11:1-117.
 
72.  Ghosh P, Taylor TK, Braund KG, et al. A comparative chemical and histochemical study of the chondrodystrophoid and nonchondrodystrophoid canine intervertebral disc. Vet Pathol 1976; 13:414-427. - PubMed -
 
73.  Braund KG, Ghosh P, Taylor TK, et al. The qualitative assessment of glycosaminoglycans in the canine intervertebral disc using a critical electrolyte concentration staining technique. Res Vet Sci 1976; 21:314-317. - PubMed -
 
74.  Ghosh P, Taylor TK, Braund KG. The variation of the glycosaminoglycans of the canine intervertebral disc with ageing. I. Chondrodystrophoid breed. Gerontology 1977; 23:87-98. - PubMed -
 
75.  Ghosh P, Taylor TK, Braund KG. Variation of the glycosaminoglycans of the intervertebral disc with ageing. II. Non-chondrodystrophoid breed. Gerontology 1977; 23:99-109. - PubMed -
 
76.  Ghosh P, Taylor TK, Braund KG, et al. The collagenous and non-collagenous protein of the canine intervertebral disc and their variation with age, spinal level and breed. Gerontology 1976; 22:124-134. - PubMed -
 
77.  Holm S, Maroudas A, Urban JP, et al. Nutrition of the intervertebral disc: solute transport and metabolism. Connect Tissue Res 1981; 8:101-119. - PubMed -
 
78.  Holm S, Nachemson A. Variations in the nutrition of the canine intervertebral disc induced by motion. Spine 1983; 8:866-874. - PubMed -
 
79.  Taylor TK, Ghosh P, Braund KG, et al. The effect of spinal fusion on intervertebral disc composition: an experimental study. J Surg Res 1976; 21:91-104.
 
80.  Hay CW, Muir P. Tearing of the dura mater in three dogs. Vet Rec 2000; 146:279-282. - PubMed -
 
81.  Ghosh P, Taylor TK, Yarroll JM. Genetic factors in the maturation of the canine intervertebral disc. Res Vet Sci 1975; 19:304-311. - PubMed -
 
82.  Ball MU, McGuire JA, Swaim SF, et al. Patterns of occurrence of disk disease among registered dachshunds. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1982; 180:519-522. - PubMed -
 
83.  Brown DC, Conzemius MG, Shofer FS. Body weight as a predisposing factor for humeral condylar fractures, cranial cruciate rupture and intervertebral disc disease in Cocker Spaniels. Veterinary & Comparative Orthopaedics & Traumatology 1996; 9:38-41.
 
84.  Griffiths IR. Some aspects of the pathology and pathogenesis of the myelopathy caused by disc protrusions in the dog. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1972; 35:403-413.
 
85.  Wright F, Palmer AC. Morphological changes caused by pressure on the spinal cord. Pathol Vet 1969; 6:355-368.
 
86.  Morgan JP, Atilola M, Bailey CS. Vertebral canal and spinal cord mensuration: a comparative study of its effect on lumbosacral myelography in the dachshund and German shepherd dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1987; 191:951-957. - PubMed -
 
87.  Cudia SP, Duval JM. Thoracolumbar intervertebral disk disease in large, nonchondrodystrophic dogs: a retrospective study. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1997; 33:456-460. - PubMed -
 
88.  Liptak JM, Watt PR, Thomson MJ, et al. Hansen type I disk disease at T1 - 2 in a dachshund. Aust Vet J 1999; 77:156-159. - PubMed -
 
89.  Hoerlein BF. Canine Neurology: Diagnosis and Treatment. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 1978; 470-560. - Available from amazon.com -
 
90.  Morgan PW, Parent J, Holmberg DL. Cervical pain secondary to intervertebral disc disease in dogs; radiographic findings and surgical implications. Prog Vet Neurol 1993; 4:76-80.
 
91.  Dallman MJ, Palettas P, Bojrab MJ. Characteristics of dogs admitted for treatment of cervical intervertebral disk disease: 105 cases (1972-1982). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992; 200:2009-2011. - PubMed -
 
92.  King AS, Smith RN. Disc protrusion in the cat: incidence of dorsal protrusions. Vet Rec 1960; 72:381-383.
 
93.  King AS, Smith RN. Disc protrusion in the cat: distribution of dorsal protrusions along the vertebral column. Vet Rec 1960; 72:335-337.
 
94.  Sparkes AH, Skerry TM. Successful management of a prolapsed intervertebral disc in a Siamese cat. Feline Pract 1990; 18:7-9.
 
95.  Salisbury SK, Cook JR, Jr. Recovery of neurological function following focal myelomalacia in a cat. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1988; 24:227-230.
 
96.  Munana KR, Olby NJ, Sharp NJH, et al. Intervertebral disk disease in 10 cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2001; 37:384-389. - PubMed -
 
97.  Prata RG. Neurosurgical treatment of thoracolumbar disks: the rationale and value of laminectomy with concomitant disk removal. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1981; 17:17-26.
 
98.  Knapp DW, Pope ER, Hewett JE, et al. A retrospective study of thoracolumbar disk fenestration in dogs using a ventral approach: 160 cases (1976 to 1986). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1990; 26:543-549.
 
99.  Sarit D, Glickman N, Waters DJ. Reoperative neurosurgery in dogs with thoracolumbar disc disease. Vet Surg 1999; 28:421-428. - PubMed -
 
100.  Coates JR. Intervertebral disk disease. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2000; 30:77-110. - PubMed -
 
101.  Stigen O. Calcification of intervertebral discs in the dachshund: a radiographic study of 21 stud-dogs. Acta Vet Scand 1995; 36:329-334. - PubMed -
 
102.  Stigen O. Calcification of intervertebral discs in the dachshund. A radiographic study of 327 young dogs. Acta Vet Scand 1991; 32:197-203. - PubMed -
 
103.  Stigen O. Calcification of intervertebral discs in the dachshund: a radiographic study of 115 dogs at 1 and 5 years of age. Acta Vet Scand 1996; 37:229-237. - PubMed -
 
104.  Stigen O, Christensen K. Calcification of intervertebral discs in the dachshund: an estimation of heritability. Acta Vet Scand 1993; 34:357-361. - PubMed -
 
105.  Jensen VF, Ersboll AK. Mechanical factors affecting the occurrence of intervertebral disc calcification in the Dachshund - a population study. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med 2000; 47:283-296. - PubMed -
 
106.  Smith JD, Newell SM, Budsberg SC, et al. Incidence of contralateral versus ipsilateral neurological signs associated with lateralised Hansen type I disc extrusion. J Small Anim Pract 1997; 38:495-497. - PubMed -
 
107.  Sukhiani HR, Parent JM, Atilola MA, et al. Intervertebral disk disease in dogs with signs of back pain alone: 25 cases (1986-1993). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996; 209:1275-1279. - PubMed -
 
108.  Nguyen C, An H, Ho KC, et al. Utility of high-dose contrast enhancement for detecting recurrent herniated intervertebral disks. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1994; 15:1291-1297. - PubMed -
 
109.  Levitski RE, Lipsitz D, Chauvet AE. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine in 27 dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1999; 40:332-341. - PubMed -
 
110.  Olby NJ, Munana KR, Sharp NJ, et al. A comparison of computed tomography and myelography in the diagnosis of acute intervertebral disc disease in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 1999; 13:239.
 
111.  Olby NJ, Munana KR, Sharp NJ, et al. The computed tomographic appearance of acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniations in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2000; 41:396-402. - PubMed -
 
112.  Jones JC, Inzana KD. Subclinical CT abnormalities in the lumbosacral spine of older large- breed dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2000; 41:19-26. - PubMed -
 
113.  Hara Y, Tagawa M, Ejima H, et al. Usefulness of computed tomography after myelography for surgery on dogs with cervical intervertebral disc protrusion. J Vet Med Sci 1994; 56:791-794. - PubMed -
 
114.  Karkkainen M, Punto LU, Tulamo RM. Magnetic resonance imaging of canine degenerative lumbar spine diseases. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1993; 34:399-404.
 
115.  Sether LA, Nguyen C, Yu SN, et al. Canine intervertebral disks: correlation of anatomy and MR imaging. Radiology 1990; 175:207-211. - PubMed -
 
116.  Thomson CE, Kornegay JN, Stevens JB. Canine intervertebral disc disease: changes in the cerebrospinal fluid. J Small Anim Pract 1989; 30:685-688.
 
117.  Olby N, Sharp NJ, Munana KR, et al. Chronic and acute compressive spinal cord lesions in dogs are associated with increased lumbar CSF glutamate levels. J Vet Intern Med 1999; 13:241.
 
118.  Gaschen L, Lang J, Haeni H. Intravertebral disc herniation (Schmorl's node) in five dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1995; 36:509-516.
 
119.  Janssens LA. Acupuncture for the treatment of thoracolumbar and cervical disc disease in the dog. Probl Vet Med 1992; 4:107-116. - PubMed -
 
120.  Still J. Auriculotherapy and canine thoracolumbar disc disease. J S Afr Vet Assoc 1991; 62:3.
 
121.  Janssens LA, Rogers PA. Acupuncture versus surgery in canine thoracolumbar disc disease. Vet Rec 1989; 124:283.
 
122.  Janssens L. Acupuncture in thoracolumbar disc disease. J S Afr Vet Assoc 1991; 62:2.
 
123.  Braund KG, Taylor TKF, Ghosh P, et al. Lateral spinal decompression in the dog. J Small Anim Pract 1976; 17:583-592.
 
124.  Lubbe AM, Kirberger RM, Verstraete FJM. Pediculectomy for thoracolumbar spinal decompression in the Dachshund. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1994; 30:233-238.
 
125.  Shores A. Neurosurgical techniques. In: Braund KG, ed. Clinical Syndromes in Veterinary Neurology. 2nd ed. St Louis: Mosby, 1994. - Available from amazon.com -
 
126.  Scott HW, McKee WM. Laminectomy for 34 dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc disease and loss of deep pain perception. J Small Anim Pract 1999; 40:417-422. - PubMed -
 
127.  McKee M. Intervertebral disc disease in the dog: 2. Management options. In Pract 2000; 22:458-471.
 
128.  Seim HB, III. Dorsal decompressive laminectomy for T-L disk disease. Canine Practice 1995; 20:6-10.
 
129.  Fitch RB, Kerwin SC, Hosgood G. Caudal cervical intervertebral disk disease in the small dog: role of distraction and stabilization in ventral slot decompression. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2000; 36:68-74. - PubMed -
 
130.  Gill PJ, Lippincott CL, Anderson SM. Dorsal laminectomy in the treatment of cervical intervertebral disk disease in small dogs: a retrospective study of 30 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1996; 32:77-80. - PubMed -
 
131.  McKee WM. A comparison of hemilaminectomy (with concomitant disc fenestration) and dorsal laminectomy for the treatment of thoracolumbar disc protrusion in dogs. Vet Rec 1992; 130:296-300. - PubMed -
 
132.  Denny HR. The lateral fenestration of thoracolumbar disc protrusions in the dog. Veterinary Annual 1982; 22:169-174.
 
133.  Butterworth SJ, Denny HR. Follow-up study of 100 cases with thoracolumbar disc protrusions treated by lateral fenestration. J Small Anim Pract 1991; 32:443-447.
 
134.  Davies JV, Sharp NJH. A comparison of conservative treatment and fenestration for thoracolumbar intervertebral disc disease in the dog. J Small Anim Pract 1983; 24:721-729.
 
135.  Fingeroth JM. Fenestration. Pros and cons. Probl Vet Med 1989; 1:445-466. - PubMed -
 
136.  Muir P, Johnson KA, Manley PA, et al. Comparison of hemilaminectomy and dorsal laminectomy for thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion in Dachshunds. J Small Anim Pract 1995; 36:360-367. - PubMed -
 
137.  Holmberg DL, Palmer NC, Vanpelt D, et al. A comparison of manual and power-assisted thoracolumbar disc fenestration in dogs. Vet Surg 1990; 19:323-327. - PubMed -
 
138.  Scott HW. Hemilaminectomy for the treatment of thoracolumbar disc disease in the dog: a follow-up study of 40 cases. J Small Anim Pract 1997; 38:488-494. - PubMed -
 
139.  Simonet M, Cazenave A. Surgical management of a intervertebral disc herniation by percutaneous discectomy in a dog. [French]. Le Point Vétérinaire 1997; 24:1399-1404.
 
140.  Atilola MA, Bailey CS, Morgan JP. Cervical chemonucleolysis in the dog. A surgical technique. Vet Surg 1988; 17:135-140. - PubMed -
 
141.  Fry TR, Johnson AL. Chemonucleolysis for treatment of intervertebral disk disease. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1991; 199:622-627.
 
142.  Miyabayashi T, Lord PF, Dubielzig RR, et al. Chemonucleolysis with collagenase. A radiographic and pathologic study in dogs. Vet Surg 1992; 21:189-194. - PubMed -
 
143.  Atilola MAO, Cockshutt JR, McLaughlin R, et al. Collagenase chemonucleolysis - a long term radiographic study in normal dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1993; 34:321-324.
 
144.  Bray JP, Burbidge HM, Thompson KG. A comparative study of chemonucleolysis with collagenase and fenestration on the canine intervertebral disc. Prog Vet Neurol 1996; 7:117-123.
 
145.  Frick SL, Hanley EN, Jr., Meyer RA, Jr., et al. Lumbar intervertebral disc transfer. A canine study. Spine 1994; 19:1826-1834; discussion 1834-1825. - PubMed -
 
146.  Lemarie RJ, Kerwin SC, Partington BP, et al. Vertebral subluxation following ventral cervical decompression in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2000; 36:348-358. - PubMed -
 
147.  Bagley RS, Forrest LJ, Cauzinille L, et al. Cervical vertebral fusion and concurrent intervertebral disc extrusion in four dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1993; 34:336-339.
 
148.  Moore RW, Withrow SJ. Gastrointestinal hemorrhage and pancreatitis associated with intervertebral disk diseases in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1982; 180:1443-1447.
 
149.  Hoerlein BF, Spano JS. Non-neurological complications following decompressive spinal cord surgery. Arch Am Coll Vet Surg 1975; 4:11-16.
 
150.  Neiger R, Gaschen F, Jaggy A. Gastric mucosal lesions in dogs with acute intervertebral disc disease: characterization and effects of omeprazole or misoprostol. J Vet Intern Med 2000; 14:33-36. - PubMed -
 
151.  Duval J, Dewey C, Roberts R, et al. Spinal cord swelling as a myelographic indicator of prognosis: a retrospective study in dogs with intervertebral disc disease and loss of deep pain perception. Vet Surg 1996; 25:6-12. - PubMed -
 
152.  Kazakos G, Polizopoulou ZS, Patsikas M, et al. Correlation of clinical, radiographic and surgical localization of thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion in dogs: a report and follow up of 30 cases. In: Proceedings of the 14th Annu Symposium, ESVN 2000; 11-12.
 
153.  Olby NJ, De Risio L, Munana KR, et al. Development of a functional scoring system in dogs with acute spinal cord injuries. Am J Vet Res 2001; 62:1624-1628. - PubMed -
 
154.  Poncelet L, Michaux C, Balligand M. Somatosensory potentials in dogs with naturally acquired thoracolumbar spinal cord disease. Am J Vet Res 1993; 54:1935-1941. - PubMed -
 
155.  Poncelet L, Michaux C, Balligand M. Study of spinal cord evoked injury potential by use of computer modeling and in dogs with naturally acquired thoracolumbar spinal cord compression. Am J Vet Res 1998; 59:300-306. - PubMed -
 
156.  Sylvestre AM, Cockshutt JR, Parent JM, et al. Magnetic motor evoked potentials for assessing spinal cord integrity in dogs with intervertebral disc disease. Vet Surg 1993; 22:5-10. - PubMed -
 
157.  Norsworthy GD. Discospondylitis as a cause of posterior paresis. Feline Pract 1979; 9:39-40.
 
158.  Henderson RA, Hoerlein BF, Kramer TT, et al. Discospondylitis in three dogs infected with Brucella canis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1974; 165:451-455.
 
159.  Johnson DE, Summers BA. Osteomyelitis of the lumbar vertebrae in dogs caused by grass-seed foreign bodies. Aust Vet J 1971; 47:289-294.
 
160.  Kornegay JN, Barber DL. Diskospondylitis in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1980; 177:337-341. - PubMed -
 
161.  LaCroix JA. Vertebral body osteomyelitis: a case report. Am Vet Radiol J 1973; 14:17-21.
 
162.  Bennett D, Carmichael S, Griffiths IR. Discospondylitis in the dog. J Small Anim Pract 1981; 22:539-547.
 
163.  Patnaik AK, Liu S-K, Wilkins RJ, et al. Paecilomycosis in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1972; 161:806-813.
 
164.  Wood GL, Hirsh DC, Selcer RR, et al. Disseminated aspergillosis in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1978; 172:704-707. - PubMed -
 
165.  Kornegay JN, Barber DL, Earley TD. Cranial thoracic diskospondylitis in two dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1979; 174:192-194. - PubMed -
 
166.  Johnson RG, Prata RG. Intradiskal osteomyelitis: a conservative approach. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1983; 19:743-750.
 
167.  Gilmore DR. Diskospondylitis and multifocal osteomyelitis in two dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1983; 182:64-66.
 
168.  Hurov L, Troy G, Turnwald G. Diskospondylitis in the dog: 27 cases. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1978; 173:275-281. - PubMed -
 
169.  Smith KR, Kerlin RM, Mitchell G. Diskospondylitis attributable to gram-positive filamentous bacteria in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1994; 205:428-430; discussion 430-422.
 
170.  Moore MP. Discospondylitis. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1992; 22:1027-1034. - PubMed -
 
171.  Hurov L. Laminectomy for treatment of cauda equina syndrome in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1985; 186:504-505. - PubMed -
 
172.  Malik R, Latter M, Love DN. Bacterial discospondylitis in a cat. J Small Anim Pract 1990; 31:404-406.
 
173.  Watson E, Roberts RE. Discospondylitis in a cat. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1993; 34:397-398.
 
174.  Aroch I, Shamir M, Harmelin A. Lumbar diskospondylitis and meningomyelitis caused by Escherichia coli in a cat. Feline Pract 1999; 27:20-22.
 
175.  Siems JS, Jakovljevic S, Adams LG, et al. Discospondylitis in association with an intra-abdominal abscess in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 1999; 40:123-126. - PubMed -
 
176.  Jacob F, Bagley RS, Moore MP, et al. Cervical intervertebral disk protrusion, discospondylitis, and porcupine quill foreign body in a dog. Prog Vet Neurol 1996; 7:53-55.
 
177.  Remedios AM, Wagner R, Caulkett NA, et al. Epidural abscess and discospondylitis in a dog after administration of a lumbosacral epidural analgesic. Can Vet J 1996; 37:106-107.
 
178.  van der Wel TJ, Meyer HP. Discospondylitis and immune-mediated polyarthritis in a Bernese mountain-dog. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd 1995; 120:75-77. - PubMed -
 
179.  Adamo PF, Cherubini GB. Discospondylitis associated with three unreported bacteria in the dog. J Small Anim Pract 2001; 42:352-355. - PubMed -
 
180.  Booth MJ, van der Lugt JJ, van Heerden A, et al. Temporary remission of disseminated paecilomycosis in a German shepherd dog treated with ketoconazole. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2001; 72:99-104. - PubMed -
 
181.  Watt PR, Robins GM, Galloway AM, et al. Disseminated opportunistic fungal disease in dogs: 10 cases (1982-1990). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1995; 207:67-70. - PubMed -
 
182.  Kerwin SC, Lewis DD, Hribernik TN, et al. Diskospondylitis associated with Brucella canis infection in dogs: 14 cases (1980-1991). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992; 201:1253-1257. - PubMed -
 
183.  Dallman MJ, Dew TL, Tobias L, et al. Disseminated aspergillosis in a dog with diskospondylitis and neurologic deficits. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992; 200:511-513. - PubMed -
 
184.  Carpenter JL, Myers AM, Conner MW, et al. Tuberculosis in five basset hounds. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1988; 192:1563-1568. - PubMed -
 
185.  Turnwald GH, Shires PK, Turk MA, et al. Diskospondylitis in a kennel of dogs: clinicopathologic findings. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1986; 188:178-183. - PubMed -
 
186.  Berry WL, Leisewitz AL. Multifocal Aspergillus terreus discospondylitis in two German shepherd dogs. J S Afr Vet Assoc 1996; 67:222-228. - PubMed -
 
187.  Butterworth SJ, Barr FJ, Pearson GR, et al. Multiple discospondylitis associated with Aspergillus species infection in a dog. Vet Rec 1995; 136:38-41. - PubMed -
 
188.  Kaufman AC, Greene CE, Selcer BA, et al. Systemic aspergillosis in a dog and treatment with hamycin. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1994; 30:132-136.
 
189.  Thomas WB. Diskospondylitis and other vertebral infections. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2000; 30:169-182, vii. - PubMed -
 
190.  Lobetti RG. Subarachnoid abscess as a complication of discospondylitis in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 1994; 35:480-483.
 
191.  Auger J, Dupuis J, Quesnel A, et al. Surgical treatment of lumbosacral instability caused by discospondylitis in four dogs. Vet Surg 2000; 29:70-80. - PubMed -
 
192.  Wrigley RH. Malignant versus nonmalignant bone disease. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2000; 30:315-347, vi-vii. - PubMed -
 
193.  Davis MJ, Dewey CW, Walker MA, et al. Contrast radiographic findings in canine bacterial discospondylitis: a multicenter, retrospective study of 27 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2000; 36:81-85. - PubMed -
 
194.  Kraft SL, Mussman JM, Smith T, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of presumptive lumbosacral discospondylitis in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1998; 39:9-13. - PubMed -
 
195.  Gonzalo-Orden JM, Altonaga JR, Orden MA, et al. Magnetic resonance, computed tomographic and radiologic findings in a dog with discospondylitis. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2000; 41:142-144. - PubMed -
 
196.  Kornegay JN. Diskospondylitis revisited. In: Proceedings of the 9th Annu Meet Vet Med Forum, ACVIM 1991; 291-293.
 
197.  Fischer A, Mahaffey MB, Oliver JE. Fluoroscopically guided percutaneous disk aspiration in 10 dogs with diskospondylitis. J Vet Intern Med 1997; 11:284-287. - PubMed -
 
198.  Gilmore DR. Lumbosacral diskospondylitis in 21 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1987; 23:57-61.
 
199.  van Bree H, de Rick A, Verschooten F, et al. Successful conservative treatment of cervical discospondylitis in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 1981; 22:59-65.
 
200.  Greene RT. Coccidioidomycosis. In: Greene C, ed. Infectious diseases of the dog and cat. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 1998; 391-398. - Available from amazon.com -
 
201.  Day MJ. Canine disseminated aspergillosis. In: Greene C, ed. Infectious diseases of the dog and cat. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 1999; 409-413. - Available from amazon.com -
 
202.  Morgan JP. Spinal dural ossification in the dog: incidence and distribution based on a radiographic study. J Am Vet Radiol Soc 1969; 10:43-48.
 
203.  Wilson JW, Greene HJ, Leipold HW. Osseous metaplasia of the spinal dura mater in a Great Dane. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1975; 167:75-77. - PubMed -
 
204.  McGrath JT. Letter: Spinal ossifying pachymeningitis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1975; 167:1045, 1048.
 
205.  McGrath JT. Neurologic examination of the dog. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1960; 245-248.
 
206.  de Lahunta A. Veterinary Neuroanatomy and Clinical Neurology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 1983; 175-214. - Available from amazon.com -
 
207.  von Sandersleben J, el Sergany MA. A study of so-called ossifying spinal pachymeningitis in the dog with special reference to its pathogenesis and etiology. Zentralbl Veterinarmed A 1966; 13:526-540.
 
208.  Lenehan TM. Canine cauda equina syndrome. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 1983; 5:941-951.
 
209.  Palmer RH, Chambers JN. Canine lumbosacral diseases. Part I. Anatomy, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 1991; 13:61-68.
 
210.  Palmer RH, Chambers JN. Canine lumbosacral diseases. Part II: Definitive diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 1991; 13:213-221.
 
211.  Watt PR. Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in 18 dogs. J Small Anim Pract 1991; 32:125-134.
 
212.  Evans HE, Christensen GC. Miller’s Anatomy of the Dog. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 1979; 947.
 
213.  Koppel E, Rein D. [Lumbosacral instability. The cauda equina compression syndrome in dogs]. Tierarztl Prax 1992; 20:637-645. - PubMed -
 
214.  Jones JC, Wright JC, Bartels JE. Computed tomographic morphometry of the lumbosacral spine of dogs. Am J Vet Res 1995; 56:1125-1132. - PubMed -
 
215.  Tarvin G, Prata RG. Lumbosacral stenosis in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1980; 177:154-159. - PubMed -
 
216.  Ness MG. Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in the dog: a review of 30 cases. J Small Anim Pract 1994; 35:185-190.
 
217.  Jones JC, Banfield CM, Ward DL. Association between postoperative outcome and results of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in working dogs with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2000; 216:1769-1774. - PubMed -
 
218.  Danielsson F, Sjostrom L. Surgical treatment of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in dogs. Vet Surg 1999; 28:91-98. - PubMed -
 
219.  Jaggy A, Lang J, Schawalder P. Cauda equina syndrome in the dog. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 1987; 129:171-192.
 
220.  Morgan JP. Transitional lumbosacral vertebral anomaly in the dog: a radiographic study. J Small Anim Pract 1999; 40:167-172. - PubMed -
 
221.  Morgan JP, Bahr A, Franti CE, et al. Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae as a predisposing cause of cauda equina syndrome in German shepherd dogs: 161 cases (1987-1990). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1993; 202:1877-1882. - PubMed -
 
222.  De Risio L, Thomas WB, Sharp NJ. Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2000; 30:111-132, vi. - PubMed -
 
223.  Jones JC, Cartee RE, Bartels JE. Computed tomographic anatomy of the canine lumbosacral spine. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1995; 36:91-99.
 
224.  Barthez PY, Morgan JP, Lipsitz D. Discography and epidurography for evaluation of the lumbosacral junction in dogs with cauda equina syndrome. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1994; 35.
 
225.  Ramirez O, 3rd, Thrall DE. A review of imaging techniques for canine cauda equina syndrome. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1998; 39:283-296. - PubMed -
 
226.  Jones JC, Sorjonen DC, Simpson ST, et al. Comparison between computed tomographic and surgical findings in nine large-breed dogs with lumbosacral stenosis. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1996; 37:247-256.
 
227.  Adams WH, Daniel GB, Pardo AD, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of the caudal lumbar and lumbosacral spine in 13 dogs (1990-1993). Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1995; 36:3-13.
 
228.  Taga A, Taura Y, Nishimoto T, et al. The advantage of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of cauda equina syndrome in dogs. J Vet Med Sci 1998; 60:1345-1348. - PubMed -
 
229.  Jones JC, Shires PK, Inzana KD, et al. Evaluation of canine lumbosacral stenosis using intravenous contrast- enhanced computed tomography. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1999; 40:108-114. - PubMed -
 
230.  Schwarz T, Owen MR, Long S, et al. Vacuum disk and facet phenomenon in a dog with cauda equina syndrome. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2000; 217:862-864, 844. - PubMed -
 
231.  Marsala J, Sulla I, Jalc P, et al. Multiple protracted cauda equina constrictions cause deep derangement in the lumbosacral spinal cord circuitry in the dog. Neurosci Lett 1995; 193:97-100. - PubMed -
 
232.  Orendacova J, Cizkova D, Kafka J, et al. Cauda equina syndrome. Prog Neurobiol 2001; 64:613-637. - PubMed -
 
233.  Oliver JE, Jr., Selcer RR, Simpson S. Cauda equina compression from lumbosacral malarticulation and malformation in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1978; 173:207-214. - PubMed -
 
234.  Levitski RE, Chauvet AE, Lipsitz D. Cervical myelopathy associated with extradural synovial cysts in 4 dogs. J Vet Intern Med 1999; 13:181-186. - PubMed -
 
235.  Flegel T, Kagan K, Munana K. Spinal cord compression due to synovial cysts in a Great Dane. [German]. Kleintierpraxis 2000; 45:787-792.
 
236.  Perez B, Rollan E, Ramiro F, et al. Intraspinal synovial cyst in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2000; 36:235-238. - PubMed -
 
237.  Dickinson PJ, Sturges BK, Berry WL, et al. Extradural spinal synovial cysts in nine dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2001; 42:502-509. - PubMed -
 
238.  Webb AA, Pharr JW, Lew LJ, et al. MR imaging findings in a dog with lumbar ganglion cysts. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2001; 42:9-13. - PubMed -
 
239.  Kao CC, Winkler SS, Turner JH. Synovial cyst of spinal facet. Case report. J Neurosurg 1974; 41:372-376.
 
240.  Deinsberger W, Schindler C, Boker DK. [Juxta-facet cysts. Pathogenesis, clinical symptoms and therapy]. Nervenarzt 1997; 68:825-830. - PubMed -
 
241.  Antoniadis G, Richter HP, Kast E, et al. [Juxta-facet cysts as space-occupying intraspinal processes]. Nervenarzt 1997; 68:515-520. - PubMed -
 
242.  Prestar FJ. Juxta facet cysts of the lumbar spine. Minim Invasive Neurosurg 1996; 39:45-49. - PubMed -
 
243.  Finkelstein SD, Sayegh R, Watson P, et al. Juxta-facet cysts. Report of two cases and review of clinicopathologic features. Spine 1993; 18:779-782.
 
244.  Weyns F, Van Calenbergh F, Goffin J, et al. Intraspinal juxta-facet cysts: a case of bilateral ganglion cysts. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1992; 94:55-59. - PubMed -
 
245.  Webb AA. Intradural spinal arachnoid cyst in a dog. Can Vet J 1999; 40:588-589.
 
246.  Morgan JP, Ljunggren G, Read R. Spondylosis deformans (vertebral osteophytosis) in the dog. A radiographic study from England, Sweden and U.S.A. J Small Anim Pract 1967; 8:57-66.
 
247.  Romatowski J. Spondylosis deformans in the dog. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 1986; 8:531-535, 536.
 
248.  Kornegay JN. Vertebral diseases of large breed dogs. Neurologic disorders. Neurologic Disorders: Contemporary Issues in Small Animal Practice. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1986. 197-215. 39 ref. 1986. - Available from amazon.com -
 
249.  Langeland M, Lingaas F. Spondylosis deformans in the boxer: estimates of heritability. J Small Anim Pract 1995; 36:166-169. - PubMed -
 
250.  Eichelberg H, Wurster H. Course of ossification in Boxer dogs with spondylosis deformans. [German]. Kleintierpraxis 1983; 28:393-396.
 
251.  Eichelberg H, Wurster H. Spondylosis deformans in the Boxer. [German]. Kleintierpraxis 1982; 27:59-72.
 
252.  Larsen JS, Selby LA. Spondylosis deformans in large dogs - relative risk by breed, age and sex. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1981; 17:623-625.
 
253.  Crawford MA. Challenging cases in internal medicine: What's your diagnosis. Vet Med 1989; 84:20-26.
 
254.  Morgan JP. Spondylosis derformans in the dog. A morphologic study with some clinical and experimental observations. Acta Orthop Scand 1967:7-87.
 
255.  Dallman MJ, Moon ML, Giovannitti-Jensen A. Comparison of the width of the intervertebral disk space and radiographic changes before and after intervertebral disk fenestration in dogs. Am J Vet Res 1991; 52:140-145. - PubMed -
 
256.  Prata RG. Diseases of the lumbosacral spine. In: Bojrab MJ, Smeak DD and Bloomberg MS, eds. Disease mechanisms in small animal surgery. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1993; 987-998. - Available from amazon.com -
 
257.  Gillett NA, Gerlach R, Cassidy JJ, et al. Age-related changes in the beagle spine. Acta Orthop Scand 1988; 59:503-507. - PubMed -
 
258.  Morgan JP, Hansson K, Miyabayashi T. Spondylosis deformans in the female Beagle dog: a radiographic study. J Small Anim Pract 1989; 30:457-460.
 
259.  Wright JA. Spondylosis deformans of the lumbo-sacral joint in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 1980; 21:45-58.
 
260.  Breit S, Kunzel W. The position and shape of osteophyte formations at canine vertebral endplates and its influence on radiographic diagnosis. Anat Histol Embryol 2001; 30:179-184. - PubMed -
 
261.  Viateau V, Preault H, Moissonnier P, et al. [Characterization of biomechanical behavior of the lumbosacral spine in dogs. Characteristics related to spondylosis and disk degeneration]. Chirurgie 1994; 120:94-99. - PubMed -
 
262.  Breit S, Kunzel W. Breed specific osteological features of the canine lumbosacral junction. Ann Anat 2001; 183:151-157. - PubMed -
 
263.  Eichelberg H, Schon W, Loeffler K, et al. [Immunogenetic studies of spondylosis deformans in boxers]. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 1988; 101:236-239.
 
264.  Morgan JP. Spondylosis deformans in the dog: its radiographic appearance. J Am Vet Radiol Soc 1967; 8:17-22.
 
265.  Hoskins JD, Kerwin SC. Musculoskeletal system. Joint and vertebral column diseases. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1997; 27:1433-1449. - PubMed -
 
266.  Vaughan LC. Orthopaedic problems in old dogs. Vet Rec 1990; 126:379-388. - PubMed -
 
267.  Langeland M, Stigen O. Spondylosis deformans in the Boxer. Evaluation of the inclusion of oblique projections in radiographic studies. [Norwegian]. Norsk Vet 1994; 106:297-303.
 
268.  Koppel E, Rein D. Lumbosacral instability in dogs. A contribution to the cauda equina compression syndrome. Tierarztl Prax 1992; 20:637-645. - PubMed -
 
269.  Gaschen L, Lang J, Haeni H. Intravertebral disc herniation (Schmorl's node) in five dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1995; 36:509-516.
 
270.  Lang J, Hani H, Schawalder P. A sacral lesion resembling osteochondrosis in the German Shepherd Dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1992; 33:69-76.
 
271.  Hanna FY. Lumbosacral osteochondrosis: radiological features and surgical management in 34 dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2001; 42:272-278. - PubMed -
 
272.  Jensen VF, Christensen KA. Inheritance of disc calcification in the Dachshund. J Vet Med (Series A) 2000; 47:331-340.  - PubMed -
 
273.  Baum F, de Lahunta A, Trotter EJ. Cervical fibrotic stenosis in a young Rottweiler. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992; 201:1222-1224. - PubMed -
 
274.  Breit S, Kunzel W. Osteological features in pure-bred dogs predisposing to cervical spinal cord compression. J Anat 2001; 199:527-537. - PubMed -
 
275.  Drost WT, Lehenbauer TW, Reeves J. Mensuration of cervical vertebral ratios in Doberman pinschers and Great Danes. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2002; 43:124-131. - PubMed -
 
276.  Jeffery ND, McKee WM. Surgery for disc-associated wobbler syndrome in the dog--an examination of the controversy. J Small Anim Pract 2001; 42:574-581. - PubMed -
 
277.  Mayhew PD, Kapatkin AS, Wortman JA, et al. Association of cauda equina compression on magnetic resonance images and clinical signs in dogs with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2002; 38:555-562. - PubMed -
 
278.  Tidwell AS, Specht A, Blaeser L, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging features of extradural hematomas associated with intervertebral disc herniation in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2002;43:319-324. - PubMed -
 
279.  Liptak JM, Allan GS, Krockenberger MB, et al. Radiographic diagnosis: intramedullary extrusion of an intervertebral disc. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2002;43:272-274.
 
280.  Lamb CR, Nicholls A, Targett M, et al. Accuracy of survey radiographic diagnosis of intervertebral disc protrusion in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2002;43:222-228. - PubMed -
 
281.  Ferreira AJ, Correia JH, Jaggy A. Thoracolumbar disc disease in 71 paraplegic dogs: influence of rate of onset and duration of clinical signs on treatment results. J Small Anim Pract 2002;43:158-163. - PubMed -
 
282.  Davis GJ, Brown DC. Prognostic indicators for time to ambulation after surgical decompression in nonambulatory dogs with acute thoracolumbar disk extrusions: 112 cases. Vet Surg 2002;31:513-518. - PubMed -
 
283.  Jones JC, Shires PK, Inzana KD, et al. Use of computed tomographic densitometry to quantify contrast enhancement of compressive soft tissues in the canine lumbosacral vertebral canal. Am J Vet Res 2002;63:733-737. - PubMed -
 
284.  Quance-Fitch FJ, Schachter S, Christopher MM. Pleural effusion in a dog with discospondylitis. Vet Clin Pathol 2002;31:69-71.
 
285.  Brockman DJ, Trout NJ. Epidural migration of a suspected pharyngeal foreign body in a dog. Vet Rec 1991;128:210-211.
 
286.  Rayward RM. Acute onset quadriparesis as a sequela to an oropharyngeal stick injury. J Small Anim Pract 2002;43:295-298. - PubMed -

 
 
footer